A nonfinite verb is a verb that is not finite. Nonfinite verbs cannot perform action as the root of an independent clause. Most nonfinite verbs found in English are infinitives, participles and gerunds. (They are sometimes called “verbals”, but that term has traditionally applied only to participles and gerunds.) Additional nonfinite forms found in some other languages include converbs, gerundives and supine.
Nonfinite verbs typically are not inflected by grammatical tense, and they have little inflection for other grammatical categories. Formally, they lack the three grammatical features (mood, tense and voice) that are “associated, independently or relatively, with…the act of predication.” Generally, they also lack a subject dependent. One or more nonfinite verbs may be associated with a finite verb in a finite clause: the elements of a verb catena, or verb chain.
Because English lacks most inflectional morphology, the finite and the nonfinite forms of a verb may appear the same in a given context.
Page (345-378)
Chapter 16
Non-Finite Verbs
: Non-Finite Verbs
: Non-Finite Verb Noun Adjective Adverb
“Non-Finite Verbs”
Non –Finite Verb Finite Verb
Finite Verb Tense, Voice :-
: I come to school every day.
He comes to school every day.
They come to school every day
Tense: I write a letter every week
I wrote a letter last week.
Voice: Someone liked this picture.
This picture was liked.
( Tense Voice ) Non-Finite Verb Tense, Voice :-
He goes out swimming every morning.
They go out swimming every morning.
We went out swimming yesterday morning.
( goes , go , went Tense, swimming swimming Tense Swimming swim ( Adverb) go swimming Non-Finite Verb) (345)
Non-Finite Verb
- Infinite
- Gerund
- Participle
Infinitive
: Infinitive
: Infinitive to to do , to be , to have , to walk, to go , to sleep, etc. Infinitive (noun) to to school , to Bangkok, to my town etc. Infinite Phrase
Infinitive to to-infinitive Infinitive with “to ”:-
Let me come here again tomorrow.
We saw him take the money yesterday.
(come take Infinitive without “to”)
Infinitive ………………….
| Simple Infinitive | Perfect Infinitive | |
| Active
Passive |
to speak
to be spoken |
To have spoken
To have been spoken |
Infinitive Without “ to ”
: Bare-Infinitive Infinitive Without “to”
:Bare-Infinitive Infinitive without to :-
- Infinitive to (to-infinitive) to (bare-infinitive) (Anomalous Verb) 14:-
do, does, did
will, would
shall, should
can, could
may, might
must
to go hyet need
dare
She doesn’t speak to me.
: She doesn’t to speak to me.)
We shall study French next week.
: We shall to study French next week.
Jack can play football very well.
: Jack can to play football very well.)
They must go there at once.
: They must to go there at once.)
He may do it any time if he wants to
: He may to do it any time if he wants to.)
I need go to see him.
She dare stay here alone. (347)
(1) Infinitive do, does, did, need, dare to (ordinary) Infinitive to :-
He did it to please his boss
You don’t need to go yet.
These students won’t dare to disobey their teacher.
(2) Infinitive Verb to be (is, am, are, was, were) Verb to have (has, have, had) Infinitive to :-
He is to go back now.
I am to start my work at once.
You are to go to the headmaster’s room today.
3) ought used Infinitive to :-
You ought to stay at home.
I used to live in America.
2) Infinitive to ( bare-infinitive) (Verb of Perception)
See let
Hear make
Feel help
Watch smell
Bid sense
Know notice
Look at observe
Behold perceive
Overhear listen to
:- I saw him walk across the road.
(: I saw him to walk across the road.) (348)
We heard her sing at the restaurant.
: We heard her to sing at the restaurant.)
They perceived the fish swim.
: They perceive the fish to swim.)
My teacher let me go home.
: My teacher let me to go home.)
I will let you use my rubber.
: I will let you to use my rubber.)
(1) Infinitive to ing :-
See find Watch sense observe
Feel hear smell notice think
:-I saw him write =I saw him writing.
I felt her heart beat. =I felt her heart beating.
We watched them play football.
= We watched them playing football.
: I let him coming in.
: I let him come in.
:She made this baby crying.
:She made this baby cry.
(2) Infinitive Without to ( bare-infinitive) Infinitive to Active Voice Passive Voice to :-
Active: I heard her sing there.
Passive: She was heard to sing there .
Active: Someone made her cry.
Passive: She was made to cry.
Active: I saw Daeng steal the money.
Passive: Daeng was seen to steal the money.
(3) help (American English Usage) to (British English Usage) to :-
: She helped her mother cook breakfast.
: She helped her mother to cook breakfast.
3) Infinitive to to (bare-infinitive)
Had better would rather need hardly
Had rather would sooner cannot but
Had sooner
: You had better tell me the truth.
:You had better to tell me the truth.)
I had rather work here.
: I had rather to work here.)
Your father would sooner take a taxi than walk.
: Your father would sooner to take a taxi than walk.)
He need hardly tell me this serious matter.
: He need hardly to tell me this serious matter.)
I cannot but agree to your plan.
:I cannot but to gree to your plan.)
My friend had sooner return today.
: My friend had sooner to return today.)
To Infinitive
Omit to (Infinitive) :-
Bottom of FormHe will come if he wants to.
(====He will come if he wants to come.)
I don’t work harder than I need to.
(=I don’t work harder than I need to work.)
He would like to do but he’s afraid he won’t be able to.
(=-…. won’t be able to do.)
I want to give him but I am unable to. .
(=……..unable to give.)
(Function) Infinitive
: Infinitive
: Infinitive :-
1) (Subject of a Verb) :-
To swim is a good exercise.
To act like that is childish.
To escape from here seems impossible.
(to swim, to act, to escape )
2) (Object of a Verb) :-
I want to take a rest.
He must learn to work hard and to save money.
We expect to arrive there in time.
( to take, to work, to save, to arrive )
3) (Objective of Preposition) :-
He is about to die.
I desire nothing except to pass my examination.
She want nothing but to marry me .
: Preposition Object Infinitive about, except , but
(to die, to pass to marry ,to marry about, except, but)
4) Complement of a Verb) :-
They are to be married soon.
We are to go back now.
It seems to be impossible.
(to be, to go to be)
5) ( In Apposition of a Noun ) :-
I don’t agree to your scheme, to kill him during his sleep . (352)
(to kill scheme)
What do you think of my plan, to build a new road?
(to build plan)
No one was against his idea, to abolish slavery in Siam.
(to abolish idea)
6) ………………….:-
To think that he died so young !
Foolish fellow! to suppose that he could be pardoned
Impossible ! to imagine her doing all these by herself.
(to think, to supposed to imagine )
7)Infinitive (Adjective ) :-
That is not the way to speak to your master.
(to speak way)
I have no money to lend you
(to lend money)
Get me a chair to sit on, please.
(to sit chair)
8) Infinitive Adjective Adverb (Adverb):-
His words are difficult to understand.
He walks quickly to meet me in time.
(to understand Adverb difficult, to meet Adverb quickly)
She is well enough to go out again. (353)
(to go Adverb enough)
9) Infinitive (Intransitive Verb) :-
They went there to watch the match .
David comes to see you, but in vain.
(to see Adverb comes)
You should eat to live, not live to eat.
(to live to eat Adverb eat live)
10) Infinitive Infinitive Absolute Comma:-
To tell you the trust, I have killed her with my own hands.
(to tell you the trust)
To hear him talk, you would think he was a millionaire.
(to hear him talk)
To cut the long story short, winai was punished by his teacher.
(to cut the story short)
11) It (Anticipatory “it”) :-
: To play with explosive is dangerous.
: It’s dangerous to play with explosives.
: To study mathematics is difficult. (354)
: It’s difficult to study mathematics.
12) Structure It is + + of + + Infinitive: –
It is kind of you to invite me.
It’s stupid of you to do that.
It was very wrong of me to blame him.
13) Object Object (verb) to ( Infinitive)
| Object Infinitive to | |||
| Daeng asked
He advised
|
Me
you |
To visit
To see |
Him at home.
A doctor.
|
Object to – infinitive :-
Advise, allow, cause, challeng, command, encourage, before, get, instruct, invite, lead, order, persuade, remind, teach, tell, urge, warn, etc.
: Object ( infinitive to ):-
| Object bare-infinitive | |||
| I made
They let She saw |
Him
Us you |
Do
Go play |
This for me
Home Ping-pong |
14) Infinitive (Complex Sentence) (Simple Sentence):-
She is very happy when she meets me. (Complex)
= She is very happy to me. (Simple) (355)
Sumi seems very glad while she arrives in England .
= Sumi seems very glad to arrive in England .
15) Noun Clause Question Words ( what, which, when, where, how) to infinitive Question Words :-
I don’t know what I should do.
= I don’t know what to do.
He asked me where I should stay.
=He asked me where to stay.
He asked me how I could go there.
=He asked me how to go there.
She told me when to come for dinner.
16) too…….to enough…….to :-
A: Subject +Verb + too+ Adjective + for + (Pro) noun + to-infinitive
Adverb
: He is too old to run fast.
This room is too hot (for me) to work in.
Smith talk too fast ( for me) to understand.
Subject +Verb + too+ Adjective + for + (Pro) noun + to-infinitive
Adverb
: This fruit is ripe enough for us to pick.
Mary is driving fast enough to arrive in time. ( 356)
Put “to” where necessary the infinitive in brackets.
- The teacher made us ………………..(do) the exercises again.
- If he arrives here, do not tell him ……………(stay) here.
- Would you like …………….(go) now or shall we………(wait) outside.
- I advise him………………….(ask) the bus conductor……..(tell) him where………(get ) off.
- You had better …………..(tell) me the trust of that matter.
- I’m sorry ………………..(disappointed) you but I can’t………(let) you………..(have) any money till the end of this month.
- We heard her …………(sing) in the lotila Night Club last night.
- DO you know before he let us ………..(go)he made us………….(promise).
- I heard them all…………..(come) downstairs and ……………..(go) into the kitchen.
- I didn’t like…………(say) anything because he always gets angry it you contradict him.
- The burglar made me ………………(show) him now …………(open) the safe.
- What do you………………………..(want) me ……………………(tell) him?
- do 2. To stay 3. To go, wait
- to ask, to tell, to get 5. Tell 6. To disappoint, let, have
- sing 8. Go, promise 9. Come, go
- to stay 11. Show, to open 12. Want, to tell
Gerund
: Gerund
: Gerund “Verbal Noun”
Going, coming, working, sleeping, writing, etc.
Gerund :-
1) (Subject) :-
Sleeping is necessary to health.
Working in this condition is pleasure.
Swimming is a good exercise.
( Sleeping, working, swimming gerund )
2) ( Object) :- (357)
We enjoyed seeing that film .
My sister likes dancing.
Would you mind opening the window?
(seeing, dancing opening)
3) (Object of Preposition):-
I am very fond of singing.
He began by explaining the meaning of certain words.
She is interested in collecting stamps.
( singing, explaining collecting )
4) (Complement) Verb to be :-
The only thing that interests her is dancing.
My hobby is collecting stamps.
His routine work is teaching “grammar”
(dancing, collecting teaching is)
5) ( In Apposition of a noun):-
I am very tired of my routine work, teaching Thai.
The sport, hunting wild animals, is very dangerous.
His constant habit, coming late to class, always makes the teacher angry.
(teaching, hunting coming)
6) go (= go + gerund) :- (358)
I go skating
Swimming
Shopping
Fishing
Climbing
Skiing
Riding
Sailing
Etc.
:- We often go fishing.
Come + gerund :-
Come dancing with us, please.
7) gerund gerund hyphen (-) :-
A walking-sick
A swimming –pool
A knitting-needle
A reading-room
A dancing-teacher
: My grandfather always uses s walking-stick when he goes somewhere.
There are two reading-rooms in our school.
8) gerund ( Passive)
:-
It was no use your telling me not to worry.
We appreciated on your coming.
Prawit was chosen because of his being a fully qualified engineer.
: gerund gerund :-
Your being right doesn’t necessarily mean my being wrong.
I am sure your working should be praised.
Possessive + gerund ………….+ ing” :-
= delay + possessive + Verb ing :-
You should not delay your sending of the application form.
= deny+ possessive+ Verb ing :-
Peter doesn’t deny his breaking of the agreement.
= postpose + possessive + Verb ing :-
I had to postpose my writing to him to a later date.
9) ( Prohibitions) :-
No parking (= Parking is prohibited)
No smoking(= Smoking is prohibited)
No spitting ( Spitting is prohibited)
10) it needs, it requires, it wants “it” gerund Passive Infinitive (gerund):-
My hair needs cutting.
(= It needs to be cut.)
This machine needs cleaning.
(= It needs to be cleaned.) (360)
Gerund ( Infini-tive)
Admit finish
Allow forgive
Appreciate fancy
Avoid imagine
Consider mind
Delay miss
Defer practice
Deny risk
Detest resent
Dread resist
Dislike postpone
Enjoy prefer
Endure prevent
Escape suggest
Excuse
: He couldn’t avoid meeting me.
She dislikes talking
We enjoy listening to music.
Renu practices speaking English every day.
That man admitted taking the bicycle.
Preeda finished writing a report last night.
I’m sorry that I missed meeting you. (361)
Gerund
Can’t bear be accustomed to
Can’t stand be used to
Can’t resist be opposed to
Can’t help be tired of
Go on be busy
Keep on be worth
Insist on It’s worth
Leave off It’s no good
Object to It’s no use
Put off Would you mind..?
Think of Do you mind…?
Prevent from Look forward to
Succeed in :-
You must go on studying.
He can’t stand waiting for you.
We ought to give up smoking.
My little girl is used to getting up early.
She insisted on going with me.
I object to having a meeting tomorrow.
Amy is accustomed to living here.
We must keep on trying.
He is busy preparing his lessons.
Is today’s film worth seeing?
It’s no good crying like a baby. (362)
Would you mind opening the window?
DO you mind going late to school?
He took the pleasure in helping the poor.
Gerund Infinitive
Verb gerund Infinitive :-
Begin intend
Dread prefer
Hate continue
Plan neglect
Love start
Like It is silly
Dislike It was a good idea
:-
Gerund: He begins learning history tomorrow.
Infinitive: He begin to learn history tomorrow.
Gerund: We like playing football every Sunday.
Infinitive: We like to play football every Sunday.
Gerund: The traffic continued moving slowly.
Infinitive: The traffic continued to move slowly.
Gerund: I intend calling her in the evening.
Infinitive: I intend to call her in the evening.
Gerund: He dreads thinking about it.
Infinitive: He dreads to think about it.
Gerund: Jonh planed going to Thailand.
Infinitive: Jonh planed to go to Thailand .
Gerund : She loved singing every night last year. (364)
Infinitive: She loved to sing every night last year.
Gerund Infinitive
……………gerund Infinitive gerund Infinitives :-
Stop+ gerund =
Stop+ infinitive=
I stopped working.
I stopped to work.
Regret+ gerund =
Regret + infinitive=
I regret saying that to you.
I regret to say that he is mad.
Try+ gerund=
Try+ infinitive =
She tired riding a bicycle.
She tried to ride a bicycle.
mean + gerund=
mean+ infinitive =
Buying a new car means spending a lot of money. (364)
I meant to tell you, but I forgot.
Remember+ gerund =
Remember + infinitive=
I remember seeing you.
I remember to meet you at the station.
Forget+ gerund =
Forget + Infinitive=
He forgets swimming in the canal
He forgets to swim with me in the canal
Allow+ gerund =
Allow+ + infinitive=
The teacher allow us to go home now.
Choose the best answer for each of the following sentences.
- My friend persuaded me………………. a little longer, because he didn’t finish……….
- wait-writing b. waiting-writing c. to wait-to write d. to wait-writing
- A lot of people are looking forward…………. their Prime Minister.
- to seeing b. to see c. seeing d. see
- I am used………… breakfast at eight o’clock every day.
- having b. to have c.to having d. have
- An instructor is coming…………us how………the tools
- showing-using b. to show-to use c. to showing-to using d. show- use
- They escaped by……………. down ropes made of blankets.
- slide b. to slide c. sliding d. slided
- Would you mind………………. your pet snake somewhere eles?
- put b. to put c. to putting d. putting
- As soon as they heard Mr. Johnson……………here, Bill and Jane were keen………..
- coming-to meet b. to come-to-meet c. coming-meeting d. to come-meeting
- If I have enough money, I’ll consider………………that house.
- to buy b. buy c. to buying d. buying (365)
- She denied…………….. that to me, because she hated it very much.
- say b. to say c. saying d. to saying
- I am sorry that I missed………………..her at the party last night.
- seeing b. to see c. to seeing d. seen
1.D 2.A 3. C 4.B 5. C 6.D 7. A 8.D 9. C 10.A
Participle
: Participate
: Participate (Number) (Person) Participate: –
- Present Participle
- Past Participle
- Perfect Participle
Present Participle
: Present Participle
: Present Participle Verb + ing) walking w dancing, cleaning, sleeping, working, writing, ete.” Present Participle:
1) Verb to be (Tense) Continuous Tense :-
She is walking along the street.
He was sleeping under the tree.
They were eating rice indoor.
I have been working here for two hours.
She had been running there. (366)
(Verb ing Verb to be Continuous Tense)
2) Verb of Sensation see, feel, hear, smell, watch, notice, observe :-
I saw her coming here.
She heard me shutting the window.
The teacher watching us playing football.
I notice that man entering the shop.
(coming, shutting, playing entering Present Participate object )
3) Adjective Participle
3.1 (Attributive Use) :-
A boiling kettle is on the stove.
A crying boy is afraid of a standing dog.
Don’t let the barking dog come in.
(boiling, crying, standing, barking Present Participle)
3.2 (Predicative Use) :-
This story is very interesting.
He is very good looking.
The daily news is disappointing.
(interesting, looking disappointing Present Participle is) (367)
4) Present Participle find, keep, leave, catch, set, get, send, discover bring, draw, imagine, paint, show,
Subject+ Verb + Object + Present Participle
My friend kept me waiting the whole day.
I get the clock going.
The telegram sent him hurrying to Korat.
He left me standing at the hall.
(waiting, going, hurrying standing Present Participle)
5) 1 Present Participle Verb to have (Result) (experience) can’t won’t (allow)”: –
The doctor will soon have him going home.
Does Doksadao will have us all laughing.
The government can’t have you doing that.
(going, laughing doing Present Participle have can’t)
6) Adjective Clause: –
The woman driving the car indicated that she was going left and she turned right.
(= The woman who was driving the car indicated …)
There are a lot of boys in the pool swimming.
(=There are a lot of boys in the pool who are swimming.)
The man smoking a cigarette is my uncle.
(=The man who is smoking a cigarette is my uncle.) (368)
( driving, swimming, smoking Present Participle Adjective clause)
7) (Adverb)
General speaking, a runner is more tired than a walker.
Talking of football, have you ever seen the Singaporean team play?
Considering the condition as a whole, he is better off now than yesterday.
Strictly speaking, they have no right to be here.
(speaking, talking considering Present Participle Adverb)
8) ……….:-
She stood waiting for you.
They entered carrying the posters.
The poor man sat asking for money.
We stood watching the football match.
(waiting, carrying, asking watching Present Participle )
9) ( Complex Sentence) (Simple Sen-tence) Participial Phrase :-
- Present Participle
2.
3.
- :-
: He crossed the street. He was knocked down by a car. (369)
: Crossing the street, he was knocked down by a car.
I walked to the park. I saw a lovely show of daffadils .
= Walking to the park, 1 saw a lovely show of daffadils.
He stood on the road He saw a car accident.
= Standing on the road, he saw a car accident.
( Participial Phrase)
Present Participle (Present Participle) (Absolute) :-
His mother was absent. He looked after the house.
= His mother being absent, he looked after the house.
The cinema was full. We went home.
= The cinema being full, we went home.
He studied hard. He could pass his examination.
=He studying hard, he could pass his examination.
Past Participle
: Past Participle
: ed (Regular Verb) opened, walked, worked, closed, stopped, etc. Mein anlaunau Irregular Verb) ns ru gone, seen, eaten, drunken, come ete. (Irregular Verb) gone, seen, eaten, drunken, come, etc. :-
1) Verb to have Perfect Tense: –
We have lived here for five years. (370)
She has never met me.
The guests have gone back already.
(Lived, met, gone, Past Participle Verb to have Perfect Tense)
2) Verb to be ( passive Voice) :-
I am called.
He was punished by the teacher.
The house was built in 1970.
Someone has been injured.
(called, punished, built, injured Past Participle Verb to be Passive Voice)
3) ….:-
The used car is not dear.
The stolen buffalo has been found.
The fallen leaves were burned.
(used, stolen fallen Past Participle)
4) (Compound Adjective)
(= Adverb + Past Participle + Noun):-
A well – dressed woman
A badly – built house
A well- behaved boy
A frequently- used word
A well – finished job
(Past Participle) (371)
5) Past Participle ( Compound Noun) :-
: Adjective + Noun ed + Noun
A blue – eyed baby
A long – legged man
A good – Tempered boss
A brown – haired girl
:- A brown – haired girl is my sister.
She doesn’t like a bad – tempered master.
( ed Past Participle )
6)………………….:-
The boy bitten by a mad dog was sent to hospital.
This is a radio made in Japan.
The pupil punished by the teacher is very lazy.
(bitten, made punished Past Participle )
7) Past Par Past Participle: –
Punished by his teacher, he came to school early.
Blamed by their parents, the children tried to behave better.
(punished, blamed Past Participle )
Perfect Participle
: Perfect Participle
: Perfect Participle :
- Active Perfect Participle : “Having +Verb 3”
: Having finished………,+ Past Simple Tense
: Having eaten……………+Past Simple Tense +Past Simple ( 372)
Having gone………………+ Past Simple Tense
- Passive Perfect Participle : “Having + been + verb ”:-
Having been seen………….+ Past Simple Tense
Having been considered……Past Simple Tense
Perfect Participle structure Perfect participle comma (,) comma Past Simple Tense Perfect Participle :-
: Perfect Participle
Perfect Participle: –
He finished his work. He went home.
= Having finished his work, he went home.
(finished Perfect participle)
He wrote his essay. The boy was allowed to go back home.
= Having written his essay, the boy was allowed to go back home.
She arrives in India; she went to see the Taj Mahal.
= Having arrive in India, she went to see the Taj Mahal.
Perfect Participle (Absolute) :-
All things having been considered, they began to work quickly.
These boys having been punished, they went school in time. (373)
His brother having been absent, he had to look after the house.
Gerund Present Participle
: Gerund Present Participle ( ing) Gerund Present Participle?
: :
1) ing ing Present Participle
2) ing gerund :-
He is cleaning the house.
His duty is cleaning the house.
-Cleaning Present Participle he he
– Cleaning gerund cleaning duty duty
The walking old woman has a walking stick in her right hand.
- Walking woman woman walking Present Participle
- Walking stick stick walking gerund…..
Choose the best answer for each of the following sentences.
- The teacher watched us …………. football in front of the school.
- played b. have played c. playing d. be played
- The ………. baby is the first son of his family. He is only six months.
- to sleep b. sleeping c. sleeps d. slept
- The car…………in Japan is cheaper than in Thailand.
- buying b. bought c. is buying d. is bought
- …………………along the street yesterday, he saw an accident.
- Walking b. To walk c. Walks d. Have walked (374)
5…………..in London, they continued to see the thames.
- To arrive b. Have arrived c. Having arrived d. Arriving
- Is there a cat…………….under the table in the house?
- sleeping b. to sleep c. is sleeping d. sleeps
- While……………….I don’t like to be interrupted.
- to work b. working c. have worked d. worked
- The policeman found the …………… buffalo last week.
- to be stolen b. stealing c. stolen d. steal
- C 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. A 7. B 8. C
In the following sentences say whether each of the black-printed words is Participle or Gerund.
- Hearing the noise outside, the baby woke up………………………………………
- Speaking English is easier than writing……………………………………………..
- She has been washing clothes for two hours………………………………………….
- That old man has a walking stick in his right hand…………………………………..
- They go swimming every Sunday, but dislike fishing……………………………….
- The only thing that interests her is dancing………………………………………….
- He began by explaining the meaning of certain words………………………………
- The girl who is dancing is a student of dancing……………………………………..
- The sport, hunting wild animals, is very dangerous…………………………………
- The standing boy is afraid of the running dog………………………………………..
- Hearing participle
- Speaking, writing gerund
- Washing participle
- Walking gerund
- Swimming, fishing gerund
- Dancing gerund
- Explaining gerund
- Dancing participle gerund
- Hunting gerund
- Standing, running participle (375)
(ing , ed)
Interest amuse
Please annoy
Bore tire
Satisfy astonish
Frighten excite
Confuse surprise
Disappoint amaze
Delight exhaust
Fascinate charm
Convince tempt
Embarrass increase
Improve absorb
Soothe entertain
Puzzle disturb
Thrill upset
Irritate
1) ( Subject + Verb + Object) :-
These pictures interest the foreigners.
His words disappointed me yesterday.
I am sure it will confuse you.
Her beauty charmed me five years ago.
This news frightens us a lot. (376)
2) (Subject + Verb to be + Verb ) ( ing + noun) Verb to be:-
This book is interesting.
I do not like exciting stories.
Her beauty is tempting.
My work is boring.
It is surprising to know that he was dead.
3) ed Verb to be ( Passive Voice) (Subject + Verb to be + Verb ed )
I am interested in that film.
They are confused.
He was very tired.
She is frightened.
My mother is amazed.
We are disappointed to go abroad.
She is interested in French.
They were very pleased to stay here.
I was amazed to know his death. (377)
………………:-
| Interest
Please Tire Delight Convince confuse
|
Interesting
Pleasing Tiring Delighting Convincing Confusing
|
Interested
Pleased Tired Delighted Convince Confused
|
choose the correct word in parentheses for each of the following sentences.
- Your master’s words (disappointed, were disappointing) you.
- This is an (interests, interesting, interested) book.
- This film (bored, was boring) me a lot.
- This experiment (interests, is interesting) all science students. It is an (interested, intetes experiment.
- The long walk from the station (is exhuasting, exhausts) us. It is an (exhausted,exhaus walk.
- The change of schedule (was confusing, confused) the passengers.
- It is (surprising, surprised) to have known the evil deeds of his.
- This news (delighted, was delighting) us very much. It was a (delighted, delighting) news.
- The thunder of the last night (frightened, was frightened, was frightening) my children.
- Paul’s s courage (was astonished, was astonishing, astonished) us.
- disappointed
- Interesting
- bored
- interests, interesting
- exhausts, exhausting
- confused
- surprising
- Delighted delighting
9.frightened 10. Astonished (378)