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Chapter 1
Grammar Review and Terminology

Part of Speech
Part of Speech

1. Noun
2. Pronoun
3. Verb
1. Adverb

5. Adjective
e. Preposition
1. Conju nction
s. Interjection

1. NOUN

• A noun is the name of a person, place, thing, or idea.

man… Butte College… house… happiness

A noun is a word for a person, place, thing, or idea. Nouns are often used with an article (the, a, an), but not always. Proper nouns always start with a capital letter; common nouns do not. Nouns can be singular or plural, concrete or abstract. Nouns show possession by adding ‘s. Nouns can function in different roles within a sentence; for example, a noun can be a subject, direct object, indirect object, subject complement, or object of a preposition.

The young girl brought me a very long letter from the teacher, and then she quickly disappeared. Oh my!

See the TIP Sheet on “Nouns” for further information.

2. PRONOUN

• A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun.

She… we… they… it

A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun. A pronoun is usually substituted for a specific noun, which is called its antecedent. In the sentence above, the antecedent for the pronoun she is the girl. Pronouns are further defined by type: personal pronouns refer to specific persons or things; possessive pronouns indicate ownership; reflexive pronouns are used to emphasize another noun or pronoun; relative pronouns introduce a subordinate clause; and demonstrative pronouns identify, point to, or refer to nouns.

The young girl brought me a very long letter from the teacher, and then she quickly disappeared. Oh my!

See the TIP Sheet on “Pronouns” for further information.

3. VERB

• A verb expresses action or being.

jump… is… write… become

The verb in a sentence expresses action or being. There is a main verb and sometimes one or more helping verbs. (“She can sing.” Sing is the main verb; can is the helping verb.) A verb must agree with its subject in number (both are singular or both are plural). Verbs also take different forms to express tense.

The young girl brought me a very long letter from the teacher, and then she quickly disappeared. Oh my!

See the TIP Sheet on “Verbs” for more information.

4. ADJECTIVE

• An adjective modifies or describes a noun or pronoun.

pretty… old… blue… smart

An adjective is a word used to modify or describe a noun or a pronoun. It usually answers the question of which one, what kind, or how many. (Articles [a, an, the] are usually classified as adjectives.)

The young girl brought me a very long letter from the teacher, and then she quickly disappeared. Oh my!

See the TIP Sheet on “Adjectives” for more information.

5. ADVERB

• An adverb modifies or describes a verb, an adjective, or another adverb.

gently… extremely… carefully… well

An adverb describes or modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb, but never a noun. It usually answers the questions of when, where, how, why, under what conditions, or to what degree. Adverbs often end in -ly.

The young girl brought me a very long letter from the teacher, and then she quickly disappeared. Oh my!

See the TIP Sheet on “Adverbs” for more information.

6. PREPOSITION

• A preposition is a word placed before a noun or pronoun to form a phrase modifying another word in the sentence.

by… with…. about… until

(by the tree, with our friends, about the book, until tomorrow)

A preposition is a word placed before a noun or pronoun to form a phrase modifying another word in the sentence. Therefore a preposition is always part of a prepositional phrase. The prepositional phrase almost always functions as an adjective or as an adverb. The following list includes the most common prepositions:

The young girl brought me a very long letter from the teacher, and then she quickly disappeared. Oh my!

See the TIP Sheet on “Prepositions” for more information.

7. CONJUNCTION

• A conjunction joins words, phrases, or clauses.

and… but… or… while… because

A conjunction joins words, phrases, or clauses, and indicates the relationship between the elements joined. Coordinating conjunctions connect grammatically equal elements: and, but, or, nor, for, so, yet. Subordinating conjunctions connect clauses that are not equal: because, although, while, since, etc. There are other types of conjunctions as well.

The young girl brought me a very long letter from the teacher, and then she quickly disappeared. Oh my!

See the TIP Sheet on “Conjunctions” for more information.

8. INTERJECTION

• An interjection is a word used to express emotion.

Oh!… Wow!… Oops!

An interjection is a word used to express emotion. It is often followed by an exclamation point.

The young girl brought me a very long letter from the teacher, and then she quickly disappeared. Oh my!

See the TIP Sheet on “Interjections” for more information.

Reagan, Sombac, Sulaiman
Elephant. Snake

Desk , Chair. Radio, Pencil

Office. School, Club

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Being

 

Is have, do read, wash, will have been seen, etc.

 

4.4 Adverb

 

Verb, Adjective Adverb

 

5.5 Adjective    Noun   Pronoun

 

Higher income    Net

 

A beautiful girl is wanted by everyone.

 

6.6 Preposition  Noun Pronoun

 

In, on , at, by, from, toward, int etc.

Jane is in the office.

We are from England by plain

7.7 Conjunction  (Words)  (Phrases)    Clauses

 

And, or, but, nor, since, although, while,

He plays but I learn.

 

8.8 Interjection

Ah! Nonsense!

What a sad thing it is

Part of speech

 

Sentences

 

Sentence

 

Sentence                                             (Sentence)

 

 

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(Subject)                                                 (Predicate)

 

Subject                          +                     Verb

Birds                                                    Fly

Time and Tom                                    are good students.

They                                                   Have not been here long time

 

The door in his room                         is broken

 

(you)                                                 Sit down, Please.

 

(you)                                                 Don’t smoke in the bus

 

 

Subject                               +                             Verb   +   Object

The poor                                                         need      food and clothes

We                                                                want to see the president

Subject                               +                         Verb   +   Object   +   Complement

I                                                                 Saw       him        reading a book.

The policeman                                       Shot the thief running into the house

His father                                              Made him happy

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1. Noun

That bird flies high.

The fire has been out for a long time.

A car must be insured.

 

2. Pronoun

 

I am the first student to go to school.

You should do it by yourself.

They worked with this company two years age.

 

 

The brave should be praised.

 

The poor are very happy to win the lottery.

 

Adjective                                          Verb

 

3. Infinitive (To + Verb 1) To walk, to give, To read etc.

To walk in the morning is good for health

 

To give hospitality to a neighbor is what I want.

 

5. Gerund Verbal noun Verb  1    ing)   Reading, Drinking, walking etc.  Subject

 

Reading makes a full man.

 

Drinking much whisky is bad for health.

 

Walking is a good exercise.

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6. Phrase Subject

 

What to say is not heard.

How to boil water is easy.

(what to say    how to boil water    Subject )

 

7. Clause Subject

What she is doing seems very difficult

 

Where they slept last night is not known.

(what she is doing   where they slept last night     Subject  )

 

 

Verbs

 

 

Verb

 

 

Kinds of Verbs

 

Verbs

Verbs

1. Transitive Verb Verb     Object                                        Verb

He killed a snake.

I sent a parcel to him.

 

2. Intransitive verb Verb                                Object

A small boy walks slowly

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Those foreigner slept happily.

(Walked     Slept)

 

(Transitive Verb)                          (Object)

 

(Object)

1. Noun Object

Somsri bought a mango this morning

 

They play football every day after school.

(Mango     football       Object     bought     play)

2. Pronoun Object

She does not know me well

I will tell him if I meet him.

(me   him    Object   know, tell   meet)

3. Adjective Object

Good people like to help the poor.

We need the brave to defend our country.

(poor     brave  adjective       Object       need)

4. Infinitive (to + Verb) Object

My brother wants to study French.

A student is learning to speak English.

(to study   to speak   infinitive    Object    Learning)

5. Gerund (verb ing )   Object

I wish having a pew friend with me here.

That old man likes smoking alone.

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(having   smoking     gerund    Object   wish     likes)

6. Phrase Object

Her sister does not know how to use the telephone.

I do not know what to say to him.

(how to use   what to say    Object )

7. Clause Object

My friend wants to know what I am doing here.

She does not understand how I can arrive here.

(what I am doing here    how I can arrive here   clause     Object know  understand)

 

Verb

Verbs

1. Principal Verb Main Verb    Finite Verb                   Principalverb

He read a book in the room

You walked slowly to school.

She is singing in the club.

I have lived here for three years.

Time and Tom are students.

They have a new house in New York.

(Verb    Principal Verb   Main Verb, Finite Verb)

2. Non-Finite Verbs

(Finite Verb), (Principal Verb)   (Main Verb)    (Predicate)    (Finite Verb)    Non-Finite Verbs

2.1 To  +  Verb     to walk, to speak to read etc.

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She likes to walk to school early morning.

That baby learns to speak with his mother.

(to walk, to speak   Non-Finite Verb    likes, learns   Finite Verb)

2.2 gerund   Verb     sleeping, speaking, writing, running etc.

They need sleeping in the night.

I prefer speaking to writing.

(speaking,   sleeping,  writing,  Non-Finite Verb   need   prefer   finite Verb)

 

2.3 Present Participle  (Ing)

Walking, coming, working, Past participle (Verb)   Walked, come, seen, spoken,

 

There is a guard walking in front of his house every night.

(walking   present Participle     Non-Finite Verb   guard)

We saw Ronny working in the garden yesterday.

(working Present Participle      Non-Finite Verb    Ronny)

Have you read the story written by me?

(written Past Participle     Non-Finite Verb    story)

She does not want a used car.

(used          past participle      Non-finite Verb     car)

3. Auxiliary Verbs Helping Verbs

Is, am, are, was, were, has, have, had, do, does, did, will, would, shall, should, can, could, may, might, must, need, dare, ought to, used to

(Auxiliary Verbs)

(Auxiliary verbs)               (Finite Verb)                             (Helping Verb)       (Tense),     (Voice),       (Mood)  Finite Verb

 

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He has gone home.

 

(has      gone      Present Perfect                 Tense)

 

The snake was killed last night.

 

Killed                           Passive   Voice

 

He did not go anywhere last Sunday

(did               go                      Indicative             Mood =                        not )

 

4. Verb of incomplete Predication (Object) (Complement)              Verb

Is, am, are, was, were, feel, become, look, seem, appear, grow

She is a nurse

Dhanu was tired yesterday.

They feel very happy.

His father becomes old.

The sky grew darker.

He looks pale today.

That singer seems very excited.

The old woman appears rather thirsty.

(Verb                 verb                        (Complement)

5. Defective Verb Verb

(Present-Past-Past Participle)      see

See – saw – seen, walk     walked – walked        Verb

( Auxiliary Verb)    can-could, will-would, shall-should, may-might ( Present   Past    Past Participle)      must, had better,  would rather (Present  Past   Past  Participle)

 

6. Regular Verb

 

(Infinitive)                    (Past Simple)                 (Past Participle)

Work                              worked                           worked

 

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Clean               Cleaned                       Cleaned    etc.

 

7. Irregular Verb

Ed                 Regular Verb

 

(Infinitive)                   (Past Simple)                (Past Participle)

See                                           Saw                              Seen

Run                                          Ran                              Run   etc.

8. Anomalous Verb (Special Verb) Anomalous Verb (Auxiliary Verb)

8.1 Anomalous verb     Anomalous Verb (Finite Verb)

8.2 Anomalous Verb    Anomalous Verb    (Helping Verb)    Saisunee is one lady in the office.

Saisunee is working in the office.

 

 

Working

 

9. Ordinary Verb Ordinary Verb

(Subject )                        (Present Simple Tense)

He speaks English every day.

She goes to school by bus.

(speaks    goes   (Ordinary Verb)   He, She   Present Simple Tense)

Ordinary Verb     (Negation)   (Interrogation)  Ordinary Verb        Auxiliary Verb               Verb to do        Ordinary Verb    Verb to do

Verb to do + not      Ordinary Verb

He goes to school every day.

Does he go to school every day?

He does not go to school every day.

10. Two-Word Verb

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(Verb is used in pair with preposition)      Two-Word Verb   Verb

 

Give up, put on, think of , pay in, etc.

I give up smoking.

11. Chaining Verb Verb Chaining Verb       Anomalous Verb Used to   Anomalous Verb   Chaining Verb     Verb

 

John used to live in Thailand.

(used to   Chaining Verb    live)

Verb to be      Chaining Verb

She is to come here.

(is      Chaining Verb     to come )

12. Echo Verb Verb

Do you like to swing? Yes, I do.

(do     Echo verb         verb      like to swim (=Yes, I like to swim))

Does she go to English? Yes, she does.

(does Echo Verb         Verb      go to English (=Yes, she goes to England))

13. Linking Verb Verb noun     noun equivalent)  Adjective, Adverb

Subject    quality    linking Verb     verb to be, become, get grow, look, feel, seem, smell, remain, turn, turn, sound, taste,, appear

He is a student.

I become angry.

She gets cold.

Mary seems unhappy.

The sky turned pink yesterday.

(Verb    linking  Verb    a student)

14. Modal Verbs Auxiliary Verb

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(Verb  Phrase)    Modal Verb   can, could, will, would, may, might, shall, should   must

Mary can read a Thai book.

(can   Modal Verb  read)

 

Verb   14

 

1. Principal Verb
2. Non-Finite Verb
3. Auxiliary Verb
4. Verb of Incomplete Predication
5. Defective Verb
6. Regular Verb
7. Irregular Verb
8. Anomalous Verb
9. Ordinary Verb
10. Two-Word Verb
11. Chaining Verb
12. Echo Verb
13. Linking Verb
14. Modal Verb

 

Chapter 2 (page13)

Nouns

 

 

Noun

Noun

1. Common noun
2. Proper noun
3. Collective noun
4. Material noun
5. Abstract noun
6. Noun Equivalent
7. Compound noun
8. Agent noun
   • Common noun

The man works in the garden

The bird sings sweetly in the bush

There is a new house in a large city

Man, garden, bird, bush, basket, oranges, house city

2.2 Proper noun      (Capital Letter)

Somchit lives at Paknam but works in Bangkok

 

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Columbus discovered America by himself.

London is the capital of England.

Sony Television is more expensive than Sanyo.

Somchit, Paknam, Bangkok, Columbus, America, London,

England, Sony Proper noun.

 

3.3 Collective Noun     Collective Noun   Common Noun of

Collective Noun + of + Common Noun

A flock of sheep

A bunch of flowers

A herd of cattle

A heap of stones

A gang of thieves

A flock of chickens

A cluster of stars

A crowd of people

A group of students

A tribe of citizens

 

Collective Noun       of

Family                         army

Team                           class

Jury                              party

Fleet                             government

Mob                             regiment

Committee                   cabinet

Swarm                         flock

 

Collective Noun

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Collective Noun         (Subject)         (Verb)

• Collective Noun (Singular verb)
• Collective Noun (Individual)                     (Plural Verb)

A flock of sheep is worth one million bath.

A flock of sheep are standing under the tree

 

The government is trying a new measure.

 

The government have discussed the flood of Bangkok for three hours.            Have

 

4.4 Material Noun         Mass Noun                    (quantity)      (Number)    Article Material Noun

 

Sugar                           Bread

Cream                          flour

Rice                             gold

Coal                             Soil

Wood                           cloth

Leather                        copper

Water                           Oil

Ink                               air

Mud                             smoke

Soap                            furniture

 

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Copper is less valuable than gold.

Mud is soil mixed with water.

Living things cannot remain without air.

Copper, gold, mud, soil, water, air Material noun

Material Noun

Material Noun        Material Noun Common noun      of Common Noun   Material noun

 

Numberal + Common Noun + of + Material Noun (Mass Noun)

 

A glass of milk

Two glasses of milk

Five pieces of chalk

A cup of tea

Two cups of coffee

One kilogram of sugar

Three kilograms of meat

Ten bags of sand

A loaf of bread

A bottle of ink

Ten loaves of sugar

 

Material Noun     subject         common  noun               common noun       verb

Apiece of chalk is on the table

Five kilograms of meat are worth two hundred bath.

Little, a little, much, a lot of, plenty of, a great deal of

He has little money in his pocket

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She has a little salt in the kitchen.

I have much ink in the bottle.

Jane wants to buy a lot of rice for his family

There is plenty of sugar in the shop

She has a great deal of fish left in the cupboard.

Many, several, few, a few, a large number of, a great number of Material Noun

 

5.5 Abstract Noun

 

Death comes to all men

It gives me much pleasure to see you here.

I have no choice in this matter.

Prevention is better than cure.

Beauty is wanted by everyone.

Honesty is the best policy.

Death, pleasure, choice, prevention, cure, beauty     honesty     Abstract Noun      Abstract Noun      Article    The

The death of kitti calls for justice.

The braveness of his father is well-known

Death       Braveness          Abstract Noun

 

Abstract Noun

Abstract Noun      Verb    Adjective     Noun

• Abstract Noun Verb:

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Verb                                        Abstract Noun

Act                                           Acting

Live                                         life

Know                                       Knowledge

Please                                      Pleasure

Speak                                       Speech

Succeed                                   Success

Decide                                     Decision

Organize                                  Organization

Drink                                       Drinking

 

2) Abstract Noun     Adjective:

 

Adjective                                 Abstract Noun

True                                         Truth

Wise                                        Wisdom

High                                         Height

Poor                                         Poverty

Happy                                      Happiness

Strong                                      Strength

Honest                                     Honesty

Brave                                       Braveness

Die                                           Death

 

3) Abstract Noun              Noun

 

Noun                                       Abstract Noun

Child                                        Childhood

Slave                                        Slavery

Friend                                      Friendship

Monk                                       Monkhood

Abstract Noun

Chemistry                                music

Grammar                                 English

Science                                    Geology

Economics                               Politics

 

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Basketball                                                        ping pong

Mathematics                                                    Art

 

6.6 Noun-Equivalent

 

Noun-Equivalent

• Infinitive to        to go, to come, to walk, to sleep    noun

To sleep is necessary for health

He wants to walk every morning

(to sleep to walk (Noun-Equivalent)          Subject               Object          wants)

 

• Gerund Ing  (Verb-ing)   running, walking, sleeping, eating, reading, etc.     Noun

Sleeping at midday is necessary for a baby.

(Sleeping    (Noun-Equivalent)

Marisa likes reading after dinner.

(reading  (Noun-Equivalent)

 

• Adjective Brave     rich   Poor etc.   (Noun-Equivalent)

The good should be praised.

(good (Noun-Equivalent)

The rich must help the poor.

Poor       Poor

 

• Phrase (Noun-Equivalent)

Where to go is not know.

(Where to go )

I do not know what to say.

(what to say         know)

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5) Clause                      (Noun-Equivalent)

What the is doing now is difficult for us to know.

(what he is doing now  clause (Noun clause)   (Noun-Equivalent)

No one can understand why she cried.

(why she cried clause   (Noun-Equivalent) understand)

7.7 Compound Noun            (compound Noun)

1. Compound Noun)

Life + boat =lifeboat                Moon  +  light  = moonlight

Cow  + boy = cowboy               mail  + box   = mailbok

Door + man   = doorman           country + man = countryman

2. Verb-ing Hyphen  (-)      (Compound Noun)

 

Court  –  martial                        swimming – pool

Living – room                          hand  –  organ

Looking – glass                        school – boy

(Compound Noun)     Hyphen   (-)

Bangkok Bank                         mango tree

Football game                          salt water

Picnic basket                            food path

Examination papers                  government school

8.8 Agent Noun     suffix er, or, ent, ist,   ician

 

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Agent Noun

 

Verb

Act                                           actor

Sail                                          sailor

Serve                                       servant

Study                                       student

Attend                                      attendant

Piano                                       pianist

Preside                                     president

Music                                       musician

History                                     historian

Visit                                         visitor

 

Countable and Uncountable Noun

Countable Noun  Noun    Countable  Noun

Countable Noun        One man, two men, three boys, four girls etc.

 

Common Noun    =   boy, book, cat, house

Proper Noun        =  Sak, John, Mary Jim

Collective Noun  =  a group of students, jury

Compound Noun  = Living-room, cowboy

Agent Noun     = sailor, visitor

3. one, two, three

Uncountable Noun    Noun    Uncountable Noun

Uncountable Noun

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Much water, little ink

 

Material Noun (Mass Noun) = gold, air, copper, ink, sand etc.

Abstract Noun = education, politics, goodness, wisdom, experience etc.

Noun-Equivalent = to walk, to eat, what to do, how to say, etc.

 

Common Noun  + of + Material (Mass) Noun

 

(Singular Noun)

A piece of paper

A drop of water

An item of news

A bar of soap

A roll of cloth

A loaf of bread

A bag of flour

A bottle of milk

A basket of fruit

A Cup of tea

A glass of water

A yard of ribbon

A ton of coal

A kilo of sugar

A metre of silk

 

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(Plural Noun)

 

Many pieces of paper

Three drops of water

Two items of news

Five bars of soap

Few rolls of cloth

Six loaves of bread

Several bags of flour

Two bottles of milk

Four baskets of fruit

Cups of tea

Glasses of water

Many metres of cloth

He wants to by many metres of cloth to day

A yard of string is worth twenty bath

Common Noun Countable Noun              Uncountable Noun

 

Countable Noun                      Uncountable Noun

Cow, ox                                   beef

Pig                                           pork

Sheep                                       mutton

Tree                                         wood

Trousers                                   cloth

 

Function of Noun

 

Noun                                        (Function)

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Noun

Noun

• (Subject of a verb)

Somsak is a student of the English language.

Mary loves her parents very much.

This boy likes to have dinner at six in the evening

(Somsak, Mary   boy  is, loves likes)

• (object of a Verb)

Jack loves Jane.

We respect the teacher.

I ate mangoes.

(Jane, teacher   mangoes   loves, respect   ate)

 

• (Object of a preposition)

We think of the teacher when we leave school.

He speaks to his girl-friend every day.

John has waited for Anne long time.

(teacher, girl-friend Anne of, to, for

• (Subjective Complement) Verb to be,

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Become,

Siri is a student. Amnat becomes a doctor.

She was a nurse two years ago

(student, doctor, is, becomes, was)

5) (Objective Complement) (Object) (Complement)

We elected Mr. sombat leader.

His parents named him Henry.

Everyone called him a coward.

(leader, Henry, coward   (Object) sombat, him,   him)

6) (in apposition)

(noun in subjective apposition)

Reagan, the president of the U.S.A., visited Thailand.

Smai, my friend, can’t go to school as usual.

Our country, Thailand, is the land of peace.

(president, friend, Thailand   Reagan,  Smai   country)

 

(Noun in Objective apposition)

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We admire our teacher, Mr. Jackson.

Now I am reading Advance English Grammar, my book.

Advance English Grammar

Do you want to see Samran, the writer of this book?

(Mr. Jackson, book, writer teacher, Advance English Grammar, Samran)

7) (An Address)  (Vocative)

Robert, please close the door

You are right, Jimy

Teacher, explain it slowly

Is it true, Jim, that he will come tomorrow?

(Robert, Jimy, Teacher, Jim )         Comma

 

8) (Possessive Case)  Apostrophe’s

The teacher’s table is standing in front of the class

This is the lady’s handbag which is very dear.

Do you know my principal’s house?

(teacher’s lady’s, principal’s

9) (Adjectival Noun)

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The football match for today is very interesting.

Sompong is waiting for you at the bus stop.

There is my relative living in New York City.

(football, bus, New York  Match stop  city

 

10) (Cognat Object)

 

Dr. Boonsanong died an accident death.

Mali dreamt a good dream last night.

She smiled a sweet smile.

These boys laughed a merry laugh.

They ran a lively race.

Mary sleft the sleep of the just.

(death, dream, smile, laugh, race, sleep (Abstract Noun)

11) (Absolute Subject of Participial Phrase)  Subject  (Main Clause

Dinner being over, we all sat and talked.

(Dinner  Dinner being over Main Clause)

Uthai having been elected the chairman of the parliament, I am sure the meeting will have outstanding results.

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((Absolute Subject)   Participle phrase)

The sun having set, the farmers walked home.

(sun     Participle Phrase)

Main Clause  (Absolute Subject)    Participle Phrase  (Pronoun)

He having finished his work, we left the office together.

1. The elephant can pull the wood in the forest.
2. I like Mr. Villiam, the carpenter very much.
3. Sorrow is not wanted by any body.
4. Somchit lives at Paknam but works in Bangkok.
5. A gang of thieves were arrested last night.
6. My shoes were made of leather.
7. Death comes to all men.
8. To sleep is necessary for health
9. Marisa likes reading after diner.
10. The rich must help the poor.
11. I don’t know what to say about this matter.
12. What he is doing now is difficult for us to know.
13. There is a swimming-pool in his school.
14. My parents named me Henry
15. Robert, come and see us tomorrow.
16. This is the lady’s handbag which is very dear.
17. The football match for today is very interesting.
18. He died a sad death.
19. They ran a lively race.
20. The sun having set, the farmers walked home.
21. Elephant Common Noun Subject can pull, wood Material Noun Object

Page 29

2. Carpenter common Noun Mr. William (Noun In Apposition)
3. Sorrow Abstract Noun Subject   is not wanted
4. Somchit Bangkok Proper Noun Somchit subject lives Bangkok Object   in
5. A gang of thieves Collective Noun Subject were arrested
6. leather Material Noun Object of
7. death Abstract Noun Subject comes
8. to sleep Verbal Noun Abstract Noun   Subject   is
9. Verbal Noun Abstract Noun Object    likes
10. Rich poor Common Noun       Subject    Object
11. What to say Object know
12. What he is doing now Noun Clause Subject    is
13. Swimming – pool (Compound Noun) is
14. Henry Proper Noun Objective Complement me   named
15. Robert proper Noun (An Adddress)
16. Lady’s Common Noun handbag (Possessive)
17. Football Comon Noun match
18. death Abstract Noun cognate Object    died.
19. race Abstract Noun Cognate Object    ran
20. Sun Common Noun having set

page 30

 

Chapter 3

Number of Nouns

Number of Noun

Number of Noun                        (Number)          (Verb)         (subject)           Number of Nouns

 

1. Singular Number
2. Plural Number
   • Singular Number

One cat is grasping a rat under the tree.

I saw an old man praying in the church.

(cat    man      )

• Plural Number

The students are reading in the room.

Did you see two men come here yesterday?

My father bought three fish from market.

(Students, men,   fish )

 

(Singular)

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Common Noun  Collective Noun   Proper Noun, Material   (Mass)  Noun    Common  Noun,    Collective Noun)      Brown       Brown      Material Noun (Mass Noun)     water     waters       Common Noun     Collective Noun

 

Book                                 Books

Cat                                    Cats

Pen                                    pens

Girl                                   Girls

Bird                                   birds

River                                 rives

Star                                   Stars

Month                               Months

Arm                                   Arms

Hand                                 Hands

 

 

 

House                                Houses

Face                                  faces

Nose                                 Noses

Cause                                Causes

Size                                   Sizes

Bridge                               Bridges

Plate                                  Plates

Page 32

Place                            Places

3. S, SS, X, SH, CH, Z, es

 

Bus                                          Buses

Glass                                        glasses

Box                                          boxes

Bush                                        bushes

Bench                                      benches

Buzz                                        buzzes

Topaz                                      topazes

 

Monarch monarchs      ch

 

 

Hero                                         heroes

Motto                                       mottoes

Tomato                                    tomatoes

Mango                                     mangoes

Echo                                        echoes

Torpedo                                   torpedoes

Negro                                       negroes

 

Bamboo                                   Bamboos

Baboo                                      baboos

Studio                                      studios

Cuckoo                                    cuckoos

Radio                                       radios

Cameo                                     cameos

Kilo                                         kilos

page 33

 

solo                                          Solos

Piano                                       pianos

Folio                                        folios

Kangaroo                                 kangaroos

Zoo                                          Zoos

Eskimo                                    Eskimos

Dynamo                                   dynamos

Embryo                                    embryos

Zero                                         zeros

Photo                                       photos

Curio                                       curios

Canto                                       cantos

Memo                                      memos

Casino                                     casinos

Albino                                     albinos

Banjo                                       banjos

Magneto                                   megnetos

Memento                                 mementos

Octavo                                     octavos

Piccolo                                     piccolos

Quarto                                     quartos

 

 

Buffalo                                    buffalos,   buffaloes

Calico                                      calicos, calicoes

Cargo                                       cargos, cargoes

Domino                                   dominos, dominoes

Grotto                                      grottos, grottoes

Halo                                         halos, haloes

Lasso                                       lassos, lassoes

 

page 34

 

Mosquito                                 mosquitos, mosquitoes

Portico                                     porticos, porticoes

Proviso                                     provisos, provisoes

Volcano                                   Volcanos, Volcanoes

 

 

Taxi                                         Taxis

Ski                                           skis

 

 

City                                          cities

Baby                                        babies

Country                                   countries

Fly                                           flies

Duty                                        duties

Army                                       armies

Penny                                      pennies

Story                                        stories

Lady                                        ladies

Pony                                        ponies

Body                                        bodies

 

 

Monkey                                   monkeys

Day                                          days

Toy                                          toys

Boy                                          boys

Key                                          keys

Ray                                          rays

 

(Proper Noun)

 

page 35

 

Henry                                      Henrys

Mary                                        Marys

Judy                                         Judys

Germany                                  Germanys

 

6)

 

Knife                                       knives

Wife                                        wives

Leaf                                         leaves

Wolf                                        wolves

Life                                          lives

Calf                                         calves

Loaf                                         loaves

Sheaf                                       sheaves

Shelf                                        shelves

 

 

Chief                                       chiefs

Roof                                        roofs

Hoof                                        hoofs

Cliff                                         cliffs

Proof                                       proofs

Strife                                        strifes

Safe                                         safes

Fife                                          fifes

Turf                                         turfs

Dwarf                                      dwarfs

Gulf                                         gulfs

Grief                                        griefs

Reef                                         reefs

 

 

Page 36

 

Scarf                            scarfs, scarves

Wharf                          wharfs, wharves

Staff                            staffs, staves

 

7)

 

Man                             Men

Woman                        women

Foot                             feet

Louse                           lice

Goose                          geese

Mouse                          mice

Tooth                           teeth

Dormouse                    dormice

Penny                          pence   Pennies

 

8)

 

Ox                               Oxen

Child                            children

Brother                        brotheren

 

9)

Corps                           corps

Series                           series

Species                        species

Fish                              fish

Sheep                           sheep

Deer                             deer

Cod                              cod

Salmon                        salmon

Trout                            Trout

 

 

Page 37

 

Herring                                    herring

Elk                                           elk

Bison                                       bison

Swine                                       swine

Mackerel                                  mackerel

Grouse                                     grouse

Flounder                                  flounder

Reindeer                                  reindeer

Antelope                                  antelope

Pike                                         pike

 

10)

A Japanese                               two Japanese

A Swiss                                    two swiss

A Chinese                                two Chinese

A Portuguese                            two Portuguese

A Veitnamese                          two Veitnamese

 

11)

 

News                                        ashes

Civics                                      alms

Means                                      politics

Mumps                                    gallows

Summons                                 ethics

Physics                                    mechanics

Statistics                                   economics

Headquarters

 

12)

 

People                                      cattle

Poultry                                     gentry

Vermin                                    police

Clergy                                      majority

Minority

 

Page 38

 

People

There are people living in Thailand.

 

13)

 

Trousers                                   goods

Shorts                                      pantaloons

Pants                                        breeches

Eye-glasses                              spectacles

Shears                                      tweezers

Tongs                                       bellows

Pincers                                     scissors

Arms                                        thanks

Contents                                  whiskers

Clothes                                    wages

Tidings                                     riches

Assets                                      amends

Chattels                                    billiards

Draughts                                  bowlings

Fetters                                      suds

Embers                                    eaves

Nuptials                                   trappings

Victuals                                   entrails

Giblets                                     bowels

Earnings                                   customs

 

14)

 

Father-in-law                           fathers-in-law

Son-in-law                               sons-in-law

Step-son                                   step-sons

Looker-on                                lookers-on

Living-room                             living-rooms

 

page 39

 

looking-glass                            looking-glasses

passer-by                                 passers-by

runner-up                                 runners-up

roll-on                                      ro lls-on

 

 

woman-servant                         women-servants

man-doctor                              men-doctors

woman-writer                           women-writers

lord-justics                               lords-justices

woman-clerk                            women-clerks

 

15) (Letter)    (Figure)      ‘s (Apostrophe + s)

 

T                      T’s

R                      R’s

5                      5’s

9                      9’s

 

There are two T’s in little.

Do you see three 9’s in 999?

Your 5’s look almost like 8’s.

 

 

16) Dozen        score     gross Hundred   thousand    million   two, three, four, five, etc.

Suni wanted three dozen eggs for her birthday party.

Six thousand students could pass their examination.

Dozen, hundred, thousand, million indefinite number many, several, few, a few

Page 40

I bought many dozens of note-books yesterday.

Few hundreds of soldiers were killed in the war.

Thousands of people are waiting for the king.

A gross of pens.

Three gross of pencils.

Three grosses

17)

Trouser buttons

Trouser pockets

A billiard table

 

The arms race

A sports car

The games master

The savings bank

18)

VIP                              VIPs                             Very important Persons

OAP                             OAPs                           Old Age Pensioners

MP                               MPs                             Members of Parliament

19)

Freedom                       Music

News                           Advice

Progress                       Work

Knowledge                  information

Furniture                      leisure

Clothing                       money

Page 41

Fun                              machinery

Scenery                        traffic

Courage                       intelligence

Alcohol                        bunting

Lightning                     thunder

 

Adjective            little, a little, much, a lot of, a great deal of, a good deal of, plenty of    many, few, a few, several, a great number of, a large number of

I have many knowledge of French.

I have much knowledge of French.

20)

Agendum                                 agenda

Addendum                               addenda

Memorandum                           memoranda

Ovum                                      Ova

Focus                                       foci, focuses

Fungus                                     fungi, funguses

Genius                                     Genii, geniuses

Radius                                     radii, radiuses

Animalcule                              animalcula

Stratum                                    strata

Terminus                                 termini, terminuses

Formula                                   formulae, formulas

Stamen                                     stamina

Antenna                                   antennae

Axis                                         axes

Medium                                   media

Alumnus                                  alumni

Index                                       indexes, indices

 

Page 42

 

Erratum                        errata

Appendix                     appendixes, appendices

Apparatus                    apparatus (es)

 

 

Basis                            bases

Crisis                           crises

Hypothesis                   hypotheses

Analysis                       analyses

Synthesis                     syntheses

Oasis                            oases

Phenomenon                phenomena

Bacterium                    bacteria

Thesis                          theses

 

 

Beau                            beaux, beaus

Bureau                         bureaux, bureaus

Monsieur                     messieurs

Madam(e)                    messieurs

 

 

Bandit                          Banditti, Bandits

Dilettante                     dilettanti

 

Cherub                         Cherubim, Cherubs

Seraph                          Seraphim, Seraphs

 

Page 43

 

21)

Air                               Airs

Beef                             Beeves

Compass                      compasses

Draught                        draughts

Force                           forces

Iron                              irons

Manner                        manners

Physic                          physics

Return                          returns

Work                           works

 

22)

Colour                         colours

Custom                        customs

Letter                           letters

Effect                          effects

Moral                           morals

Spirit                            spirits

Spectacle                     spectacles

Pain                             paiins

 

Page 44

 

Heaven                        heavens

Premise                        premises

 

23)

 

Light                            lights

People                          Peoples

Abuse                          abuses

Foot                             feet

House                          horses

Wood                           woods

 

The boy plays with his friend in the garden.

= The boys play with their friends in the gardens.

1. The boy puts up his hand
2. Cut the potato with a knife.
3. I have put the glass in the box
4. The man gives a child a doll.
5. This dog was beaten by its master.
6. The thief found nothing on the safe.
7. This ox is eating green grass.
8. There is a girl in my room.
9. A valley is hotter than the top of a hill.
10. That lady has a big piano.
11. My cat has caught a mouse to day.
12. I like this photo very much.

page 45

 

13. She combs her hair with a comb.
14. That woman is driving a goose to the market.
15. I have a sheep and a deer.
16. A fly is on the foot of the buffalo.
17. Is there a picture of an elephant on that page?
18. My key is on the bench.
19. A scientist must give a correct datum.
20. The prince and the princess are pupils of the same teacher.

 

 

1. The boys put up their hands.
2. Cut the potatoes with (some) knives.
3. We have put the glasses in the boxes.
4. The men give (some) children (some) dolls.
5. These dogs were beaten by their masters.
6. The thieves found nothing on the safes.
7. These oxen are eating green grass.
8. There are girl in our rooms.
9. (Some) valleys are hotter than the tops of (some) hills.
10. Those ladies have (some) big pianos.
11. Our cats have caught (some) mice today.
12. We like these photoes very much
13. They comb their hair with (some) combs.
14. Those women are driving (some) geese to the markets.
15. We have (some) sheep and (some) deer.
16. (some) flies are on the feet of the buffaloes.
17. Are there (some) pictures of (some) elephants on those pages?
18. Our keys are on the benches.
19. (some) scientists must give (some) correct data.
20. The princes and the princesses are pupils of the same teachers.

 

Page 80

 

Chapter 5

Pronouns

Pronouns

Pronouns

Pronouns

1. Personal Pronoun
2. Possessive Pronoun
3. Definite Pronoun
4. Indefinite Pronoun
5. Interrogative Pronoun
6. Relative Pronoun
7. Reflexive Pronoun
8. Distributive Pronoun
   • Personal Pronoun

 

Page 81

 

Personal Pronoun

Nominative Case	Accusative Case	Possessive Adjective	Possessive Pronoun	Reflexive
I We You He She It They	Me Us You Him Her It Them	My Our Your His Her Its Their	Mine Ours Yours His Hers Its Theirs	Myself ourselves yourself,-ves himself herself itself themselves

 

Personal Pronoun

 

Personal Pronoun (Function)

Personal Pronoun  I, We, You, He, She, It,  They

1. (Nominative Case)

I know everything from him.

You can speak English better than French.

He is ready to star now.

They like to play football after class.

(I, You, He,  They   Nominative Case

2. (Subjective Complement) Verb to be

If I were he, I wouldn’t go there exactly.

It is I who can speak English here.

Personal Pronoun    me, us, you, him, her, it,   them

 

Page 82

Personal Pronoun

• (Object)

Amnat meets me at school every day.

We love them very much

The teacher watched us playing football

• (Object) Preposition

My father thought of me a lot when I left him for Bangkok.

She is very pleased to stay with him.

We pay attention to her alone.

• Infinitive

He asked me to work with him here.

(me    to work)

I told her to study English at once.

(her   to study)

 

It

This is my dog. It is a grateful animal.

Seni likes this car. She bought it from Japan.

My home is in Korat. It is far from Bangkok about 300km.

Page 83

2)

It is very hot today.

It is raining to much outside.

It is five minutes to two.

It is two hundred miles to Bangkok.

It takes two hours to Bangsaen.

3)  Verb to be    Clause   Phrase

It is probable that it will rain today.

It is very easy to do this job.

That it will rain today is probable.

To do this job is very easy.

4)

Look at that long-haired child. It is pretty.

The baby is in bad. It is crying.

5) It    Passive Voice

It is said that……….

It is hoped that………

It is believed that………

It is understood well that……

e.g It is believed that negligence is the path of death.

Subject Form    Object From      Verb to be     Verb to be

Pronoun     Verb to be, except, let, than, as….as, such as,

Page 84

Between,     but,    Subject Form   Object Form?

Pronoun

1. (Object Form) Verb to be

It’s ….

That’s …..

This is …..

Who is that? It’s me. (It’s I.)

That’s her over there. (That’s she over there.)

Look at this photo. This is me standing in fron of the Whit House.

(………..This is I…………)

2. Verb to be

2.1 Pronoun     (Subject Form)

It was I who bought this house last year.

(I      bought)

It is she who can speak Chinese here.

(She      can speak)

2.2 Pronoun      (Object Form)    Object

 

Page 85

 

It is them whom we are looking for.

(Them     looking for)

It was me whom she loved very much.

(me     )

Pronoun    except

No one except he who could speak French.

(he     could speak)

No one except I who was able to solve the problem.

(I )

Pronoun

No one except him whom she failed in love.

(him     failed in love)

No one except her who (m) I asked for marrying.

(her    asked for)

3) Pronoun     Let      Object Form

Let me congratulate you on winning the prize.

Don’t Let him live here alone, Please.

(me    him    I    he )

4) Pronoun     than       than     more

I love you more than she.

 

Page 86

I love you more than her.

5)

He likes her as much as I.

I like you as much as him.

(him)

6)

I give them money such as she.

(she)

You will visit us such as her.

(her)

7) Pronoun     Between      (Object Form)

The principal is standing between him and me.

(between he and I)

8) But    (except)    (Subject From)

All but he could pass the examination.

All but I had escaped.

Page 87

Possessive Pronoun     Possessive Pronoun   Personal Pronoun

Mine

Ours

Yours

His

Hers

Its

Theirs

Possessive Pronoun

2.1 (Subject of a Verb)

Your friend is Indian, mine is American.

(Mine    Possessive Pronoun   is)

His brother is a tall boy, but hers is a short one.

(Hers subject   is)

2.2 Subjective Complement    Verb to be

This bicycle is mine, that one is yours.

(Mine  yours    is)

This ruler is his, that one is hers.

(his    hers     is)

2.3 (Double Possessive)    of     a + noun + of + Possessive Pronoun

A friend of mine = one of my friends

 

Page 88

A brother of yours = on of your brothers

A pen of hers = one of her pens

I met a friend of mine at the theatre yesterday.

A pen of hers is very dear.

Possessive Pronoun     Possessive Adjective       my, our, your, his, her, its,     Possessive Pronoun

Possessive Adj.	Possessive Pron.
This is my book. This is your car.	This book is mine. That car is yours.

3.3 Definite Pronoun

This, These, That, Those, one, ones, These, Those, ones

This         this

This is an interesting book.

Which book do you want? I want this.

(This   Object   want)

That      That

That is the thing I need.

(That      is)

Page 89

I used to do that before.

(that    Object    do)

One          (Definite Pronoun)  one

Which car do you possess? I possess the red one.

(One   Object    Possess)

There are many books on the table. The green one belongs to me.

(One    Belongs)

These     These

These are students.

(These    are)

He can’t understand the exercises. Can you explain these to him?

(These    explain)

Those

Those are foreigners. They have been here for two weeks.

(Those    are)

He had done those before he came here.

(Those    done)

One    (Definite Pronoun)    one    ones   (s)

The books in the shelf are dear, but the ones on the table are cheap.

(Ones     Subject   are)

Page 90

Which oranges will you have? I will have the big ones.

(ones     have)

(Definite Pronoun)      (Adject)

This school is famous.                         This is a famous school.

These boys are clever.                           There are clever boys.

One pupil is in the room.                       I can have this one.

 

4.4 Indefinite Pronoun

 

Some

Any

None

All

Someone

Something

Somebody

Anybody

Anyone

Few

Everyone

Everything

Many

Nobody

Other                                                    etc.

Pronoun

Page 91

There are many people at the party. Some are eating, but some are drinking.

(Some  )

When I went by this house last night, I did not see anyone in it.

(anyone   see)

None of us can swim across the river.

All are drowned.

Many are called, but few are chosen.

Everything for us is ready to start.

5.5 Interrogative Pronoun

Who, whom, whose, what, which,

Who

Who wants to take a part in the football match?

Who can go to live in it?

Who

Whom do you wish to see?

Whom shall I marry next year?

Whom       who

Who are you speaking to?

Who did you write that letter to?

Excuse me, I don’t know who you mean.

Whose

Page 92

Whose is the red car standing outside?

Whose is this book? It’s mine.

Whose

Whose house is not far from school?

Whose father is a policeman?

What

What is in this box?

(What )

What delayed you this morning?

What does she do there every day?

(What    do)

What    “(Profession),   (role),    (Status),      (Nationality)”

What is your father?

He is a policeman.

What is his nationality?

His nationality is an Englishman.

What are you?

I am the principal.

Which

Which is the best?

The green on is the best. (which..)

Which do you prefer, Pepsi and Cola>

(Which …. Prefer)

Which

Which do you love between Wanna and Wilai?

Page 93

There are children and adults. Which do you want to help?

Which are your children in this photo?

Which    (Adjective)

Which boy is your brother?

Which country are you from?

6.6 Relative Pronoun      Who, whom, whose, which, where, what, when, why,    Relative Pronoun        Relative Pronoun

Who

He is the postman who brings a letter for us at home.

“who” Relative Pronoun

1. The postman
2. Bring
3. (Conjunctive) He is the postman   brings a letter for us at home

The boy who studies hard can pass the examination easily.

“Who”      Relative Pronoun

1. Boy
2. Studies

Whom

This is the student whom his teacher punished.

Page 94

“Whom”    Relative Pronoun

 

1. Student
2. Punished

 

The singer whom I saw at Siam Square is Sayan Sanya.

“Whom”   Relative Pronoun

1. Singer
2. Saw

Whose         Whose

 

Sanit is the boy whose father died in the war.

“Whose”   Relative Pronoun

The girl whose mother has gone to Japan is my cousin.

“Whose”     Relative Pronoun

 

1. Girl
2. Mother

Which

The animal which has wings is a bird.

“Which”       Relative Pronoun

1. Animal
2. Has wings

This is the ticket which I bought for you.

“Which”      Relative Pronoun

1. Ticket

Page 95

2. Bought

What         what

I know what is in this box.

“What”       Relative Pronoun

1. (Thing) (Relative without antecedent)

When

Sunday is the day when we don’t go to work.

“When”         Relative Pronoun

1. The day

Why                   (reason)

That’s the reason why I killed him.

“Why”          Relative Pronoun

1. Reason

That           that       Relative Pronoun     Relative Pronoun          Relative Pronoun       that    that

 

• That (Superative Degree)       Relative Pronoun

Page 96

Sayan Sanya is the most famous singer that I have known well.

2)  (Ordinal Number)

China is the first country that I am going to visit.

She Is the second lady that he failed in love.

3)   (Quantitative Adjective)    much, many, little, etc.

Somsak has many pens that he gives me.

I have little ink that I share you.

4) Someone, somebody, something, somewhere, anyone, anybody, anything, anywhere, everyone, everything, no one, nothing, etc.

There is nothing that I can do for you.

She has everything that she gives me.

(that       that)

7)  Reflexive Pronoun         Emphatic Pronoun      (Personal Pronoun)

Myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves

1)

I myself will do it.                               He himself did it yesterday.

They themselves close the windows every day.

Page 97

2)

The man is in this room shot himself last night.

We enjoy ourselves at the seaside.

3)

I spoke to the Prim Minister himself.

Winai was told by the teacher himself.

4) “by”

I made this table by myself.

She lived here by herself.

8.8 Distributive Pronoun               Distributive Pronoun       each     neither

There are many tourists coming here every day. Each has a camera.

Either of two workers can go outside.

Neither of them were granted to live in china.

Distributive Pronoun   (Pronoun)    (Adjective)

 

Adjective                                                                                 Pronoun

Each boy receives a reward.                              Each of men has much money.

Either car is very expensive                               Either of girls is beautiful.

Page 98

 

Choose the best answer for the following sentences.

1. Seeing ……………………………….. on television is exciting.
2. His one               c. oneself                     d. one’s
3. If I were ……………………………….., I wouldn’t do like this.
4. His his                c. he                             d. himself
5. It is ……………………………….. who can take this sword out of the stone.
6. I myself          c. mine                         d. me
7. Who is that? It’s ………………………………..
8. Mine me                c. mine                         d. myself
9. Your hand writing is bad and so is………………………………..
10. Your brother yours            c. your brother’s
11. Your brother’s handwriting
12. A friend of ……………………………….. could pass the entrance examination.
13. She her               c. hers              d. herself
14. Your pen is red, ……………………………….. is back.
15. My mine             c. me                d. myself
16. He is the postmen……………………………….. bring letters for us at home.
17. My whom           c. whose           d. which
18. The farmhouse stands ……………………………….. in the fields.
19. Itself by itself        c. by its own     d. its
20. The buffalo……………………………….. you want to buy is mine.
21. Whose of which       c. who              d. which
22. She is the best girl ……………………………….. I have ever seen.
23. That who              c. whom           d. which
24. Sombat ……………………………….. we met at the party likes to drink whisky.
25. Whom who              c. whose           d. that
26. He did not tell me the town……………………………….. he lives.
27. Which where           c. whom           d. how
28. Everything ……………………………….. he said is wrong.
29. That who              c. which           d. what
30. No one except ……………………………….. who had been seen from tower.
31. She her               c. hers              d. herself
32. Do you think ……………………………….. is stronger thank ………..?
33. He-me him-I            c. he-I              d. her-me
34. It is ……………………………….. who likes sugar in her tea, not …………..
35. She-I She-me         c. her-I             d. her-me
36. There was an explosion when all but ……………… had already been in the shelter
37. I me                c. mine             d. ourselves
38. Let ……………………………….. all go for a walk tomorrow morning.
39. We us                 c. ours              d. ourselves
40. There was an argument between………………………………..and ………….
41. He-I his-mine       c. him-me         d. himself-mysalf

 

Page 99

 

1. C C     3. A     4. B     5. C     6. C     7. B     8. A     9. B     10. D
2. A 12. A 13. B   14. A   15. B   16. C   17. A   18. A   19. B   20. C

 

21.When I was in Chiang Mai, I was a good friend of……………………………..

a.they

b.me

c.her

d yours

 

22.The teacher was pleased because………… of her students failed the test.

 

1. all
2. some
3. most

d none

23 I have to go shopping because there… left in the refrigerator

 

1. something
2. nothing
3. everything

d anything

24 My seat is next to……………………….. of the chairman

1. this

b.t hat

1. those
2. one

25.When things are not seen,…………………… are likely to be forgotten

a.they

b.bit

c.things

1. theirs
2. There’ll be plenty of space for a refrigerator and a washing machine if you get…………….later on.
3. onc
4. them
5. it
6. yourself

27 The pupils heard the teacher’s voice, but…..didn’t listen to what was

being said.

1. we
2. you
3. everyone
4. they

 

28 If Veronica were not o bad-tempered, people would like………….more

1. hersell
2. him

c.them

1. her .

 

29. The climbers spent several weeks in high mountain country in order to acclimatize
30. they

b.them

c.their

d themselves

30, That house was painted in green bug

the.food was red.

it

a its

itself

31 Paul has the habit of talking to.

1. him
2. his own

c.himself

d.by himself

 

32.That painting doesn’t belong to…………………., it is……………………..

a.yours, mine

b.your, my

c.yours, my

1. you, mine
2. C
3. B
4. A
5. A

 

2. C
3. D

18.

A

26. B

 

3. A
4. A
5. B
6. D

 

4. B
5. A
6. C
7. D

 

5. C
6. B
7. D
8. D

 

6 C

14. A
15. D
16. A

 

7. B
8. B
9. B
10. C

 

8. A
9. C
10. B
11. A (Page 99)

 

Chapter 6

Verbs

Verb?

Verb (mood) (Voice) (Tense) Verb

1. Transitive Verb
2. Intransitive Verb
3. Finite Verb
4. Non-Finite Verb
5. Auxiliary Verb

Transitive Verb

Transitive Verb?

Transitive Verb

 

 

give, buy, bring, write, speak, hit, kick, see, look at, order open, close, wash clean, etc.

 

My mother bought meat and eggs yesterday

Today my mother is going to buy………….. at the market

bought meat eggs

buy

(Object)

(Object of a transitive Verb)   (page 100)

 

(All kinds of Nouns)

 

Our country needs the growth and development

(growth and development needs)

2) (Pronoun)

I told him that he could pass his examination.

Pronoun told)

3. Infinitive)

These students want to continue their studies in a foreign country

(to continue wan)

4) ing (Gerund)

Ever since he has got bad health, he stops smoking cigarettes,

(smoking  Gerund stops)

5)  (Phrases)  –

She doesn’t know what to do for you.

(what to do know)

6) (Subordinate Clause)

I know what he is going to do there.

(what he is going to do there } know)

Transitive Verb

“Objective

Complement   (Page 101)

 

The people in this country made him king

(king Noun him  Objective Complement)

 

They set the prisoners free.

 

(free prisoners Adjective Complement)

 

I found Susan walking under the tree in the garden

walking  Participle  Susan  Objective Complement)

 

We wish the thief to be killed.

 

(to be killed  Infinitive  objective Complement)

 

The sun keeps us warm.

(warm  Adjective  Objective Complement)

 

objective Complement Adjective, Noun, Participle.

Infinitive,

Intransitive Verb

.intransitive Verb? Intransitive Verb

intransitive Verb

go

come

run

sleep

stand

light

dance

smart

inhale

exhale

regret

fly

stay

stifle  etc.

Who comes ?

(comes)

 

My sister dances very well.  (Page 102)

Adverb)

dances  very well

(Object)

“Subjective Complement”

 

grow =

get

fell

look

seem

taste

turn

stay

become .

prove :

.appear –

sound

remain =

show .

Verb to have

Verb to have

 

 

(Subjective Complement )

John looks unhappy.

He felt good.

The milk in that glass is bad.

Your plan proved useless.

That policy sounds practical.

She seemed sleepy.

The sky turns grey.

Apasara remains beautiful.

object

Subjective Complement

Finite Verb

 

Finite Verb? Verb  ?

Finite Verb   (Page 103)

(Finite Verb)

Tense   comes?

Who comes ?

they come early?

That boy is coming early.

The girls are coming early

we have come here early.

She has come here together.

 

come tense (Finite Verb)

 

Non-Finite Verb

– Von-Finite Verb  ?

Non-Finite Verb

 

(Non-Finites Verb)

1.Infinitive To (To + verb I) to walk etc.

2.Gerund

(Verb + ing walking, sleeping, smoking etc.

3. Participle = ing eating. coming. etc.

eaten, come cleaned, spoken etc.

(Finite Verb) (Non-Finite Verb)

 

We want to develop our country in many ways.

 

(to develop infinitive

 

She likes reading poetry:

 

(reading,  gerund )  (Page 104)

He heard me shutting the window

heard  shutting  Participle

Non-Finite Verb  Non-Finite Verb

Non-Finite Verb Verb

 

Auxiliary Verb

 

Auxiliary Verb

Auxiliary Verb (Helping Verb)

(Verb)

(Mood)

(Voice)  (Tense)

Auxiliary Verb

Verb to be

is, am, are were

Verb to have

– has, have had

Verb to do

do, does, did

 

will would

– shall, should

can, could

may, might

need

dare

ought to

used to

had better

would rather

should  (ought to)

-have to ( must)

 

(Contraction with Pronoun)   (Page 105)

i am , You are,

he is, she has

-am ‘m        i’m             i am

is

‘s  he’s                   he is, he has

has             she’s                  she is, she has

it’s                 it is , it has

where’s          where is

what’s             what is

who’s              who is

there’s            there is

-are  ‘re       we’re             we are

you’re           you are

they’re          they are

there’re       there are

-have   ‘ve    I’ve             I have

You’ve        you have

They’ve      they have

We’ve         we have

had

‘d   i ‘d                    i had, i would

would               you’d               you had, you would

they’d               they had, they would

we’d                   we have

he’d                   he had, he would

she’d                   she had, she would

it’d                        it had, it would

will

‘ll  i’ll                       i will, i shall

shall              you’ll                  you will

we’ll                    we will, we shall

it’ll                       it will   (page 106)

 

24  not (Contraction with not)

is not           Isn’t

are not         aren’t

was not       wasn’t

were not      weren’t

am not)

has not        hasn’t

have not      haven’t

had not        hadn’t

do not          don’t

does not      doesn’t

did not        didn’t

will not       won’t

would not    wouldn’t

shall not      shan’t

should not   shouldn’t

can not        can’t

could not     couldn’t

may not       mayn’t

might not    mightn’t

must not      mustn’t

need not      needn’t

dare not       daren’t

ought not    oughtn’t

used not      usedn’t

 

usedn’t  didn’t use to

I didn’t use to live in Russia

(I usedn’t to live in Russia.)

 

Did you use to see an elephant in Surin ?

used  used

Used you to see an elephant in Surin ?

(grammarian)  (Page 107)

 

Verb to be

verb to be

Verb to be

1)  is Continuous Tense

We are learning English,

He is reading a book)

It is sleeping under the bed.

The students are playing football.

She will be working at home when we arrive

 

ing

Verb to be

2)

(Passive Voice)

 

He was punished by the teacher yesterday

A glass of water of mine is broken

 

This house was built here last year

 

3. infinitive)

 

He is to stay here till I come back,

She is to be paid at the end of this week.

Chaiyong is to go home tomorrow.  (Page 108)

 

Adjective Be

 

Be quiet. The baby is sleeping.

Be good luck in your examination

Do be

Do be quiet. I am doing the exercises

Don’t be so silly. ( Don’t  be)

 

5).about to + verb

 

They are about to start looney the evening.

Mr. Brown is about to be here soon

I am about to go home within two hours

 

6). (Principal Verb)

Verb  Verb to be

 

Anne is always a good girl.

I am a teacher of English

These tourists are from the United Kingdom.

 

Verb to have

Verb to have

Verb to have

(Past Participle) Perfect Tense   (Page 109)

 

Robert has lived in Thailand for three years.

We have learnt English since last month.

2) (Infinitive)

 

He has to study English next month.

I have to do it by myself

 

(Causative Use of “Have”)

Structure 1

3.1

Have + Someone () + Verb 1(without ” to”‘) Something

I have Surachai wash my car every Sunday.

 

She has her daughter clean a room every morning

have get Non-Finite Verb  with “to”  to

 

I got Det to bring my car back

(I had Det bring my car back.)

The Teacher gets me to read a book every day

(The teacher has me read a book every day.)

3.2 (Passive)

Have + Something + Verb 3

i have my car washed every Saturday.

He has his gun cleaned.

get  have    (page 110)

 

I got my bicycle washed.

 

4) Verb to have

(Principal Verb)   have (has, had)

 

4.1(Receive)

 

He had a letter this morning

(had  receive)

 

4.2 (Experience)

 

John had a good time at Bangsaen last week.

 

(had experience)

 

4.3 (eat)  :

 

We have our lunch at noon.

 

(have  eat)

verb to have (Negative)

(Interrogative) Verb to do not have          i  have

(Anomalous Verb)

 

Affirmative

Negative

Interrogative

He has his breakfast at seven. He doesn’t have his break- Does he have his breakfast?

fast at seven

seven ?

 

Did they have a letter

They didn’t have a letter

They had a letter yesterday

yesterday

yesterday ?

4.4  (-possess)

She has a sister.  (Page 111)

 

(has possess)

Daeng has many friends in Korat.

 

(has have possess)

 

verb To have (Possess)

(British Usage) (American Sage)

have  not  five

have Tel Verb

to do have have do

 

Affirmative              Negative                     Interrogative

British Usage      He has a pen            He has not a pen         Has he a pen ?

American Lisager He has a pen      He doesn’t have a pen.    Does he have a pen?

 

5) verb (to have

have Article “a.”

have

have a rest

 

have a walk

have a swim

have a ride

have a sleep

have a drink

etc,

We had a swim in the pool yesterday.

She wants to have a drink with you.

หล่อนต้องการดื่มกับคุณ

Does your grandfather have a walk every morning ?

 

6)Verb to have

Verb to be   (Page 112)

 

This house has six windows.

=There are six windows in this house

My room has three tables.

 

There are three tables in my room

 

have to, have got to, had better

Verb to have  I have to have got to,  had better

have to

1 have to leave now.

He has to go to school from Monday to Friday

have to Verb to do

(has) rot have,

 

:Do I have to leave now ?

 

(: Have I to leave now ?)

:I don’t have to leave now.

 

(: i haven’t leave now.)

Does he have to go to work ?

 

(: Has he to go to work?)

 

:He doesn’t have to go to work.

(: He hasn’t to go to work.)

 

-Have to have to    had to

Have got to   have

Has have (has) got to (Page 113)

 

Affirmative                   

He’s got to go

Has he got to go?

I’ve got to do?

Negative    

He hasn’t got to

 

1 haven’t got to do

Have I got to do?

Interrogative )

John’s got to come.

John hasn’t go o come. Has John got to come ?

-had better ( had rather, had sooner)  had better

( Infinitive Without ) ใ

(Pau)  (Pretest)

had      ‘d

You had better start your work tomorrow

(You’d better start your work tomorrow.)

 

I had better go back now

(I’d better to go back now.)

 

She had rather walk there.

(She’d rather walk there.)

 

He had sooner die than admit that he was wrong.

(= He’d sooner die than admit that he was wrong.)

start go, walk, die  Infinitive Without to)

 

had better not  better

rather

had

She had better stay here alone.

 

: She had better not stay here alone

(: She had not better stay here alone.)

: Had she better stay here alone ?

(: Did she have better stay here alone?)  (Page 114)

Verb to do

Verb to do

verb do?

Verb to do, does, did (Helping-Verb)

Verb u do, does, did

 

1) (Affirmative)  (Interrogative)    (Negative)

 

Verb to have

Verb to be

Verb to do

(We will, would, shall, should, can, could, may might must,  to do it)

Verb to do

does

do

I, They, We, You  do

s (ed, ing)

You speak French to your friend.

 

Do you speak French to your friend?

 

 

Are you speak French to your friend ?

 

Speak you French to your friend?)

 

 

You don’t ( do not) speak French to your friend.

 

(You aren’t (are not) speak French to your friend

You speak not (not speak) French to your friend.  (Page 115)

 

does

He opens the window by himself.

 

Does he open the window by himself

Cots: Is he opens the window by himself?

 

Opens he the window by himself?)

He doesn’t (does not open the window by himself.

 

(He is not opens the window by himself

 

He opens not (in not open the window by himself. )

She went to England last week

 

Did she go to England last week ?

(: Was she went to England last week 7

Went she to England last week ?

 

Did she went to England last week ?

She didn’t ( did not) go to England

( : She wasn’t went to England.

She went not ( not went) to England)

2)

 

Billy likes badminton and so does Jenny

You speak Thai and I do to0

She worked yesterday but I didn’t.

(does, do, didn’t   likes, speak,  worked )  (Page 116)

 

3)

I do go and see you tomorrow

Danai does write to me.

They did live there two years ago

Do come with us,

(Do, does, did,  do )

 

4)

Do you smoke a cigarette Yes, I do.

 

(: Yes, 1 smoke a cigarette )

 

Did he ride a bicycle to school? Yes, he did.

 

(: Yes, he rode a bicycle to school)

Does she draw a picture

Yes, he does.

Yes, she draws a picture)

 

5) (agreement) (disagreement)

 

 

Tom speaks a lot.

Your dog barks a lot.

She sang well.

You eat too much.

 

Yes, he does

No, it doesn’t

Yes, she did.

No, I don’t.    (Page 117)

 

6) Verb to do (Principle Verb

Verb to de       do

 

Do

 

 

You do your homework every day

 

Do you do your homework every day?

(IA)

You don’t do your homework every day.

(do ( don’t )

do

do

not do

I do my work in Bangkok

Do 1my work in Bangkok

(Do I do my work in Bangkok )

(I do not my work in Bangkok.( don’t)

( I don’t (130 do not do my work in Bangkok.)

he does her exercises.

Does she do her exercises ?

 

(Does she her exercises ? does

She doesn’t ( does not) do her exercises.

 

(she does not her exercises)  (Page 118)

 

Affirmative

I do.

He does

They did.

 

Interrogative

Do I do ?

Do I?

Does he do

Does he?

Did they do?

Did they?

Negative

 

I do not (don’t) do.

I do not (don’t)

He does not (doesn’t) do.

He does not doesn’t).

They did not (didn’t) do.

They did not (didn’t).

 

7)  Question – Tags

Edward lives here, doesn’t he?

 

(Edward lives here, doesn’t he live here 7

 

We don’t drink whisky, do we ?

 

(We don’t drink whisky, do we drink whisky

 

He ate rice, didn’t he ?

 

( He ate rice, didn’t he eat rice ?)

 

Will, Would, Shall, Should

 

will, Would, Shall, Should?

: will, Shall, Would, Should,

will  (Future tense)

(you) ( He, She, It, They)

 

He will meet his friend on the road.

You will be in time you hurry

Naraporn will arrive in Bangkok this evening.  (Page 119)

 

The students will sit for an examination tomorrow.

Shall  (Future Tense )

will

shall start my journey tomorrow.

We shall be there at six o’clock

I shall write a letter to him soon.

will  shall will  I, we  that

he, she, it, they

 

I will try to do it again.

I will give you a reward if you pass the exam.

you work well, you shall have higher wage

Don’t worry. She shall bring good news for you.

That boy shall be punished, if he doesn’t go to school today.

will, shall,

 

shall

(Adverb Clause of Purpose) so that in order that

 

Somsak comes here so that he shall see his father.

The man works harder in order that he shall have higher wages.   (page 120)

 

 

Would

1)  will  Indirect Speech

She said, “I will do it again.

She said that she would do it again.

2)  (Conditional Sentence)  –

If I were you, I would try to do

We would have come if it had not rained.

 

3) like would

 

He would like to meet you every Sunday

 

Somporn would like to study political science.

 

I would like to be here alone.

 

4)  would (will )

 

Would you have some cold drinks?

Would you like to watch television ?

 

5) mind, please

Would

Would  if I smoke? Of course not.    (Page 121)

Would you please shut the door on your way out?

Would you mind posting this letter for me?

do

!

 

6. better

Father

He would better (rather) go to meet you today.

Which would you rather have, tea or coffee?

better rather than

Would rather die than come back without success.

She would rather walk than run

 

Should

1) (Past Tense)  shall  Indirect Speech

He said to me, “You will be able to do it.

 

He told me that I should be able to do it.

 

 

2) (Future Tense)

should

Shall)  .

They should be there by 3 o’clock, I think.

(duty, obligation or advice)

3) should

ought to should ought to

 

Application should be submitted by May 5th at the latest.   ( Page 122)

you should go on a diet.

We should obey our government.

4) should have + Verb

 

Surat should have studied hard before the examination. (but he didn’t.)

 

Your report is too late. You should have submitted it by last Friday

5) should  might

so that, in order that

I helped him very much so that he should (might) succeed

 

6) should 1 a lest, for fear that,

Winai studied harder lest he should fail.

 

She remained silent for fear that I should hear her.

 

Can Anomalous Verb

could can u Infinitive Without “to”

can

1)

I can see you tomorrow at 7 o’clock.

2)

can see (hear, remember, etc.).

3)

This can be the answer, I think  (Page 123)

 

Can this be right?

4)

I can drive very far from here

You can go whenever you want.

5)

Can you lift that table?

Can you play the piano well ?

 

Could can

Infinitive without “to”

 

1) Can

She could see me tomorrow at 7 o’clock, perhaps.

 

2)  Can  Indirect Speech ( Direct Speech)

 

Direct : She said, “I can go there alone

 

Indirect She said that she could go there alone.

3)

I could speak French perfectly ten years ago.

 

He could swim across this river when he was young.

4)

Could I borrow your pen, please?    (Page 124)

 

Could I go in your office ?

5) Could could + have + verb3

 

I could have lent you the money. Why didn’t you ask me?

May, Might

May  Migh.

Might Verb May

 

Might  may not (mayn’t)  might not (mightn’t)  may

1).(Purpose)  so that on order that

I work hard so that I may succeed.

 

We eat in order that we may live

 

2)

(may) เ

May you be happy for ever

May he succeed in his examination.

 

3) (Permission)

May i use your dictionary? Yes, you may.

We may smoke here, mayn’t we? No, you may not

4)          (Page 125)

 

You may learn swimming within few days.

She may come next Sunday.

 

You may talk to everybody but you can’t force him to listen to y

6) (Possibility)

It may rain this afternoon.

She may tell me when she runs out of money

Might

1) may Direct Speech

Direct: He said, “I may drive your car today,

 

Indirect : He said that he might drive my car that day.

 

2)

may )

Mr. A: I don’t know where Det is. He might be at his office

Mr. B: I think Det may be at his office certainly

might

: Mr. B

 

3) might + have + verb 3

 

I can’t imagine why she was late. She might have been delayed by the rain on she might   have had an accident.  (Page 126)

 

might + have + verb3

Must

Must Anomalous verb   Infinitive , Participle

 

1) (Necessity)

We must obey the laws of the country

You must do as you are told.

 

2)

You must know that my father is very busy.

He must know that he is a student of this school

3)

Robert leaves Bangkok at noon he must be in Manila by 4 P.M.

 

I must finish this before I go to bed.

 

This must be what he means.

4)

Every time I call on him, he must be busy.

Just when the examination began, I must fall ill.   (Page 127)

 

5)

Man must die.

Everything must come to an end.

We must all become old

6)

We must pay taxes to our government.

Every citizen must help in time of war.

7)

You must forgive me for that matter

You must tell him I feel sorry for him.

 

Present Tense

(Past Tense) had to  (Future Tense)

will have to  shall have to

I must study the Buddhist philosophy.

I had to study the Buddhist philosophy.

I shall have to study the Buddhist philosophy.

 

Need

Need Anomalous Verb (Finite Verb)

(Helping Verb)

 

Need

| Need Infinitive With “to’

need need

ed  need    (page 128)

 

She needs to go to see a doctor when she is sick.

 

He needed to come here yesterday but he didn’t.

 

2) need (Finite verb)  verb to do.

 

 

He needs to work to earn his living.

He doesn’t need to work 10 earn his living.

Does he need to work to earn his living?

 

Need

1) Need (Helping-Verb)

Infinitive without “to”   need   s    ed, ing

She need hardly do hard work.

We need never go to school late.

 

2 Need

(Affirmative) (Interrogative)

Negative) (Negative Implication)

Need you continue your studies abroad?

They needn’t smoke cigarettes.

Need you marry her next month?

Sunai need rarely go to see the movie:   (Page 290)

 

I need hardly have free time.

You need scarcely win the fight

 

Dare

Date  Anomalous   Seed need (finite verb)  (Heung-verb)

 

1) Dare Infinitive With ” to”‘   dare      s    ed

 

I dare to swim across this river.

They dare us to fight them.

She dares to swim across the Chao Phraya River

 

it  dares to run there in time.

 

 

9) Dare Verb   to do

He dares to work hard every day

Does he dare to work hard every day?

He doesn’t dare to work hard every day

 

 

Dare Infinitive without “to”

Hare  s

Robert dare visit Thailand alone.  (Page 130)

we dare walk to school without a bus.

Espadas dare box with Payoa.

 

2).Due  dare

 

 

That boy dare go to be near a snake.

Dare that boy go to be near a snake ?

Thai boy dare not go to be near a snake

 

Ought to

ought to ( Past)

pass Perfect Infinitive ( ought to have + verb  3)  ought should

 

1)

You ought to start your job at once.(Presend)

 

You ought to have told me that yesterday. (Past)

He ought to have come here last night. (Past)

2)

Amito left Bangkok at noon; he ought to be in Tokyo by now.

Our team ought to win the match for today.

This ought to be what he means.

3) ought

Hot    ought      (Page 131)

 

He ought to forgive me for my fault.

Ought he to forgive me for my fault?

He ought not to smoke a cigarette in a bus.

he to oppose to having the meeting tomorrow. ?

 

Used to

Used to Past Tense used to

used to

1)  used to + Verb 1

Jone used to come here very often when he was young.

 

There used to be a cinema in this street last year.

 

 

2) Used to did not use to, never used to

used not to +Verb 1

 

She did not use to drink whisky so much.

(did not use to )

We used not to come late to school.

He never used to get up late.

 

3) Used to Did

used

Amporn used to play badminton.

Did Amporn use to play badminton? (Page 132)

Didn’t Ampom use to play badminton?

Used Ampom to play badminton!

4) used to is used to, who am (are, gel, become)

 

used to Verb

Subject used to + Verb 1

I used to live here when I was young

 

is (am, are, get, become) used to + Verb   ing Noun

Subject + is, am, are, get, become + used to + V-ing Noun

 

Robert is used to eating Thai food.

 

She gets used to the hot weather in Bangkok.

I am used to having my lunch at two o’clock in the afternoon.

They become used to walking to work.

 

Change these sentences to (a) Negative (b) Interrogative

Example :

She goes to school on foot every day

She does not go to school on foot every day

Does she go to school on foot every day?

1.Kitti has been to Paris twice

2.We have supper at seven in the evening.

3.Smith had a good time in Thailand last month.

4.Penni had a baby in the hospital

5.I have my hair cut once a month.

6. Sombat and his friends used to live in America
7. He must work hard every day

8.Paul did his work by himself

9.We should do something better

10. She dare stay here alone.
11. He dares to light with you.
12. The poor boy needs something to eat.
13. We need work to earn our livings. (Page 133)
14. He might have finished the work when you arrived.
15. You ought to do it tomorrow.

1.Kitti has not been to Parir twice.

.Has Kitti been to Paris twice 7

2.We do not have supper at seven in the evening.

.Do we have supper at seven in the evening

3.Smith did not have a good time in Thailand last month.

.Did Smith have a good time in Thailand last month ?

4.Penni did not have a baby in the hospital

Did Penni have a baby in the hospital ?

5.I do not have my hair cut once a month.

.Do I have my hair cut once a month ?

6.Sombat and his friends did not use to live in America.

.Did sombat and his friends use to live in America ?

7.He must not work hard every day.

.Must he work hard every day ?

8.Paul did not do his work by himself.

Did Paul do his work by himself ?

9.We should not do something better

Should we do something better ?

10.She dare not stay here alone.

Dare she stay here alone ?

11. He does not dare to fight with you.

Does he dare to fight with you?

12. The poor boy does not need something to eat.

Does the poor boy need something to eat ?

13. We need not work to earn our livings.

Need we work to earn our living?

14.He might not have finished the work when you arrived.

Might he have finished the work when you arrived ?

15. You ought not to do it tomorrow.

Ought you to do it tomorrow?

 

 

Circle the best answer for each of the following sentences.

1.He……………………………… .a little more tactful but he wasn’t.

a.must have been

1. didn’t need

 

1. should have been
2. oughtn’t to have been
3. She…………………….. speak Chinese fluently when she was young.
4. can

b.could

1. would

d should

3. I have Somsak……………………………….my car every Sunday.

a.wash

1. washed
2. to wash

d.washing

4.He has his gun…………………………….when he returns.

a.clean

1. cleaned
2. to clean
3. cleaning

5.my teacher gets me……………………..a book everyday.

1. read
2. reading
3. to read
4. reads
5. Wiroj used to …………..in English, but he wasn’t used to …..British food.
6. live-eating
7. living-eating
8. live-eat
9. lived-eating
10. You………………………………………….what he said, could you?
11. can’t have understand
12. could have understand
13. could understand
14. couldn’t understand
15. Candidates……………………write in ink, and………………..write on one side of the paper only.
16. must-should
17. must-must
18. will-must
19. have to-may
20. The thief………………………..for he ran away quickly.
21. may have been frightened
22. Ought to have been frightened
23. must have been frightened
24. had to be frightened
25. Billy like badminton and so……………………..Jenny.
26. Like
27. Liking
28. does
29. does like

 

1. C 2.b 3.a     4.b     5.c     6.a     7.d     8.b     9.c     10.c   (Page 135)

 

Deth Bondit, [22.02.19 14:11]

 

Chapter 7

Adverbs

Adverbs

dverbs

 

He works hard every day.

(hard  Adverb works)

These students are very intelligent.

(Very  Adverb  Intelligent)

He is stupid enough to do that

( enough  Adverb  stupid)

She drives very carefully.

(very  .Adverb  Adverb ” carefully”

You speak go well

(so  Adverb  Adverb “well” )

It rained rather heavily yesterday,

(rather  Adverb Adverb “heavy”)

Fortunately, no one complained of me

 

(Fortunately Adverb )

Finally, I give in her in many ways.  (Page 136)

 

(finally Adverb )

What else can say?

 

 

“

(else  Adverb use what)

Hardly anybody likes her, because she’s cruel.

(hardly Adverb 1 11wuu anybody)

You ought to go right to the end of the rood.

 

 

(right  Adverb to the end of the road)

She went straight to the point

(straight  Adverb  to the point)

We go to Bangsaen almost every Sunday

(almost  Adverb every)

 

(nearly Adverb all)

 

Nearly all the foreigners stay at the Erawan Hotel,

 

Adverb

Adverbs (Potion of Adverb)

Adverb 3

1, Simple Adverb

 

2. Interrogative Adverb
3. Conjunctive Adverb

Adverb )

Simple Adverb

Adverb of Time

Today, yesterday, tomorrow, late, lately, recently, early, before, tonight, now, then, soon, still   (page 137)

 

 

yet, already, just, afterwards, etc.

(Adverbial Phrases of Time)

this morning, in the la afternoon, last week, last month, next year, on Sunday, next Monday, before

three o’clock, two weeks ago, the day after tomorrow, during summer, in B.E. .2520 in January  on 5th February, etc.

Clauses of Time

when, since, until, after, before

As soon as

When you have time, come and see me, please.

He ran away as soon as he had seen a tiger.

Adverb

Adverb

1.

Mr. Smith will leave for London tomorrow.

Chaiya used to live in Bangkok two years ago.

2

Last week we went to Chiangmai by train.

Yesterday he stayed in Singapore; today he’s staying in India.

 

 

3. Adverbs of Time

small units of time come before larger ones

Ladda’s family is going to visit me at five o’clock in the afternoon on the first

of May, 1984.  (Page 138)

 

I go to bed at seven o’clock in the evening on Sunday.

At three o’clock tomorrow, I will meet you in front of the Tatra theatra.

 

Comma (.)

 

The plane arrived yesterday, about four o’clock.

Today, at twelve o’clock the teachers will have meeting

 

morning, afternoon, evening, Evening

Sunday morning. Monday afternoon. Tuesday evening, Saturday afternoon, ect.

 

You should return the book at nine o’clock on Monday morning.

 

2. Adverb of Duration Adverb

of Time  Adverb of Time when  a Adverb  of Duration

How long

 

1.) for

I have studied English for five years.

 

(for five years)

 

from…to from. till (until)

 

My father works from nine to twelve.

She studies from Monday till Friday.

Wichit will stay here from May until December.

(from nine to twelve, from Monday till Friday un: from May until December Adverb )   (Page 139)

 

3)till, until, in

We will work with this company till next year.

 

(till next year Adverb)

 

Magaret will stay here until tomorrow morning.

 

(until tomorrow morning  Adverb )

 

My uncle will work in Saudi Arabia up to next year.

 

(up to next year  Adverb)

 

3) Adverb of Place

“where” Adverb of Place

(Preposition) in, on, at, near, off, by, over, abroad, here. there, downs

,upstairs, down, since around, after, before, inside, outside etc,

Adverb

of Place

 

Don’t leave it outside; bring it inside.

 

(outside inside  Adverb leave  ing)

The teacher has come; please stand up.

(up  Adverb stand)

Adverb here there

Here is the boy you are looking for.

 

(here  Adverb )

 

There is the bus we want to sit in.

 

(there  Adverb )

 

Adverb Adverb

(Adverbial Phrases of Place) (Preposition Noun)

 

He met with an accident at the crossroads.    (Page 140)

 

(at the crossroads Adverb 8 n0on met

 

While we were staying at the hotel of Dusit Thani, a conference was held.

 

(at the hotel of Dusit Thani  Adverb 0an were staying)

Adverb of Place

Adverb of Place

 

I was born in a small village in Phetchabun.

Mary lives in a small village in California.

At a small university in London, there are many students paying attention to studying

The history of Far East Asia

Adverb  of Time Adverb of Place

 

Adverb of Time  Adverb of Place

Adverb of Place  Adverb of Time

We went swimming in the sea last week.

(in the sea  Adverb of Place  last week  Adverb of Time )

.ครับ ยิมหน่อยซิ)

 

Please come and meet me outside the school at twelve o’clock on Monday.

 

(outside the school you Adverb of Place  at twelve O’clock on Monday Adverb

 

Can you return these books to the public library before Friday ?  (Page 141)

 

 

(to the public library the Adverb before Friday Adverb Adverb  2 return)

Adverb of Time

Adverb of Place

Last year we went to England; next year we’re going to America.

(Last year n: next year  Adverb to England  to America )

Every Sunday he goes to the cinema.

 

(Every Sunday  Adverb Adverb to the cinema )

 

4. Adverb of Frequency

How often

 

1): always. Often, seldom, ever, never, sometimes, rarely hardly. Generally. Scarcely, frequently, Occasionally, usually:

 

1.1 Verb to be verb to be

She is always at home on Sundays.

I am rarely happy to have stayed here

Somchit is occasionally a little nervous.

 

(I Adverb always, rarely, occasionally  Verb to be )

 

1.2

He seldom goes to the cinema.

She often gives me a smile while she sees me.

They generally play football after class.  (Page 142)

Adverb  seldom, often, generally,

 

1.3  will, would, shall, should, can, could,

may, might, must, need, dare

The manager will never agree to my offer

He can sometimes go to see his girl-friend

Surachai may occasionally come and see me.

 

( Adverb never, sometimes, occasionally, will, can, may )

Adverb

Sumit has often been praised for the result of his experiments.

I have never seen this wonderful thing before.

(often, never

Adverb

He does not always work hard.

They do not often play football in the morning

(always, often  not)

 

Adverb   never, seldom, hardly, rarely,

scarcely

Never did she regret leaving her house

Seldom do get a chance to do this for you

Scarcely had the rain stopped when the players went onto the field. (Page 143)

 

(Adverb)

2) every three months, every day, once a week, twice a month,

every other day , as often as you wish (), several times etc.,

Adverb

Somsri visits her home every three months.

This man goes to see his girlfriend twice a month.

Write to me as often as you wish.

( every three months, Twice a month, as often as you wish )

 

Adverb Adverb, Adverb

Adverb

Adverb

Adverb Adverb

Adverb

Place

Frequency

Time

 

Sentences

My father has been

He took me for lunch

I must go to see a doctor

He goes

 

Place

to London

at the restaurant

at this clinic

to Japan

 

 

Frequency

several times

twice a week

many times

every day

 

Time

this year

three months ago.

this month

nowday.   (Page 144)

Adverb 2

Last semester the Professor lectures at the faculty

four hours a week ; but this This semester he is lecturing

at this building three hours a week.

 

 

5. Adverb of Manner

How

Adverb of

Manner

Adjective ly

Adjective  Adverb

slow            slowly

bad             badly

quick           quickly

careful         carefully

happily       happy

etc. (ly, 160)

– Preposition by car

by train by boat by bicycle

by tricycle etc.

Adverb of Manner Adjective         y

hard fast Adjective Adverb

Adverb

He is a hard worker

Somsak works hard.

(hard  worker  hard  works)  (Page 145)

 

Suchat is a fast runner.

Peter runs fast.

 

(fast runner Adverb runs)

 

Adverb of Manner

 

: Adverbs of Manner

 

1)

She dances beautifully.

Kitti walks quickly.

He works hard.

(beautifully, quickly, hard)

 

2)

My son speaks English well.

He writes a composition quickly.

Your sister plays tennis beautifully.

 

(well, quickly. beautifully

 

Adverb of Manner

The clerk carefully put the pen and the paper into the drawer

.He slowly wrote a letter to his friend in the United States of America.

 

 

Adverb of Manner

Mr. William successfully completed the experiment

 

the verb and object together)

3) Adverb of Manner (Modifies the verb and object together)     (page 146)

 

Laddawan speaks English fluently

 

(fluently speaks  English in

 

The sun is shining the world brightly.

( brightly  Adverb is shining the world deal)

4)How   Adverb

how

How nicely she dances! .

late you come to school !

How hard he works !

(nicely, late, hard  Adverb how )

 

5) (Passive Voice) Adverb

(Past Participle)

 

Soonthorn Poo, the great poet f Thailand, is well known among students.

 

(well  Adverb  known)

 

The report of Thai economics has been carefully done by the economic expert

 

(carefully  Adverb3 done)

 

6) Adverb   greatly, strongly,  thoroughly

 

Somsak greatly admires his father.

He’s strongly opposed to working hard.

The boys and girls thoroughly enjoy watching the concert.  (Page 147)

 

7) Phrase Verb Come in go out Adverb “ly” :-

 

Sawat quietly came in ,Sawat came in quietly.

Mary slowly went out , Mary went out slowly.

: Adverb (Time), (Place) (Frequency) (Manner)

: Adverb :-

)Adverb Adverb Adverb

 

Manner Place  Frequency Time

:-  Nanthida sang at the restaurant once a week two months ago.

Manop worked hard here every day last year.

They used to play football enthusiastically in the rain several times last month.

) Adverb (Adverb of Movement) adverb adverb   adverb

 

Place  Manner Frequency Time (page148)

 

1:- I went to Chien to Chiengmai by train every Sunday last month.

Arthit flew to London by B.O.A.C. twice last year. .

6. Adverb One of Quantity (Adverb of Degree ) Adiective adverb :-

, A very, quite, too, rather, fairly, nearly, just, almost, enough, extremely, absolutely, much, entire หaly, completely, really, so, only Adverb:

 

He has too much money to give me.

(Adverb much much)

I had almost finished my meal when he came in.

He walked very quickly to school yesterday

(almost Adverb finished) (ey  Adverb quickly)

I climb up until I have nearly reached thi top, but in vain.

(nearly Adverb reached)

My younger sister can just read English.

1(Adverb read read)

Kiat has extremely succeeded in job.

(Smely   Adverb succeeded)

 

Quite  Adjective,

He is quite clever.

She’s quite diligent .  (page149)

quite  Adjective quite .

That matter is quite

He’s quite lazy.

That girl is quite mad .

quite a, an

Today is quite a nice day.

He is quite a fool

rather Adjective

Today it is rather hot.

My servant is rather lazy.

The situation looks rather dangerous.

a, an

That’s rather an excellent idea.

(Comparative degree)

Wanchai ate rather more than his elder brother.

 

fairly Adjective  (rather)

 

His marks are fairly good for this examination.

Although she has never been taught, she cooks fairly well.

 

7. Adverb of Affirmation or Negation

 

yes, no, not, surely, certainly, perhaps, probably, indeed, definitely, obviously, etc.

He did not come here.

Surely you are mistaken.

Perhaps she will tell you the truth.  (Page 150)

 

Manop will probably return today

 

It is, indeed, a hard case

He is certainly a good man.

She can definitely understand what I said this morning

Could you explain this story obviously ?

Yes, certainly into

Does Rem speak Chinese ? No, she doesn’t

Adverb

 

8. Adverb of Exclamation

Past Participle  Verb

How how

Pattern

 

How + Adjective + Subject Verb to be

How happy we were !

How pleased he was

How beautiful site is !

 

Complete each sentence with one of the following words.

 

quickly

carefully

slowly

well

 

suddenly

brightly

quietly

continuously

 

fluently

Violently

elegantly

repeatedly

but nobody answered inside.

 

Deth Bondit, [22.02.19 15:24]

1.He called………………….but nobody answered inside

2 David drives ………………….but a lot of accidents happen.

3 She walked in……………….. So nobody heard her.

4. If he speaks …………………I can follow him.
5. Sumith didn’t study………………….and failed in the examination.
6. She speaks Chinese……………………because she is a Chinese.
7. It happened………………………and I have no time to think.
8. The sun is shining…………………….in summer
9. Yesterday it rained………………..
10. The bride dresses very………………..(Page 151)

 

152

 

 

 

 

l.	repeatedly	2. carefully	3.  quietly	4.	;lowly
5. 9.	well continuously	6. fluently 10.  elegantly	7. suddenly	8.	brightly

 

Choose the correct word in parenthesises

1. Have you ever seen him (late, lately) ? No, but I’ll see him (short, shortly).
2. He (most, mostly) come (first, firstly) in
3. I had (clean, clean!>) o:·gotten that I had promi ed to pick John up. 4. When I remembered, J (quick, quickly) turned round.
4. I (hard, hardly) dri\e (quick, quickly).
5. We were (close. closely) followed by a police car \\ hen we were on the high
6. You went (wro g, wrongly) once, when you turned (right, rightly) in front of the post-office.

 

m nv11uu1Jmiti

 

2. lately, shortly mostly, first
3. hardly, quickly 6. closely

3. cleanly quickly

-. \Hong, right

 

 

Place the w ords in parenthesises  in regula r positions

Example     :      He went (by car, last “eek, to Hua Hin).

He went to Hua Hm b> car last week.

1. I spoke to her (after supper, sweet I}, m the hotel).

2. He left (early, the office, this mommg).
3. We m ust finish our work (tomorrO\\, before midday).
4. Mary has been (today, h’:!re, man) ume ).
5. Mr. Thomson sits on the la\\ n (often, in the evening).
6. Smith doesn’t travel (to every country, always, by plane).
7. Prani will return the book (next \\eek, to the library).
8. Come (today, here, immediate!>).
9. Jimmy went (every Sunda:. , to Bnngsaen, by car, last month).
10. They arri,e (never, at the meeting, on time).
11. I have been studying (hard, all day, at home).
12. My family flew (by 0.A.C., twice, to London, last year).
13. I said goodbye to her ()esterday, at Don Muang Airport, regretfully).
14. These boys walked (in a hurry, last night, to the theatre).
15. We played football  (in the rain, enthusiastically,  yesterday).

 

 

1. sweetly in the hotel after supper
2. the office early this morning
3. before midday tomorrow
4. here many times today
5. often sits on the lawn in the evening
6. ……always ……..to every country by plane
7. to the library next week
8. here immediately today

Page 153

to Bangsaen  by car ever}’ Sunday last month

1. ……never. …….at the meeting 0n time

11.     hard at home all day

12. to London by O.A.C. twice last year
13. regretfully at Don Muang Airport yesterday
14. to the theatre in a hurry last night
15. enthusiastically in the rain yesterday

Interrogative Adverb

Interrogative Adverb

 

 

(Compound words)

 

 

1.	Adverb of Time
2.	Adverb of Place

 

3•   Adverb of Frequency

…  …

 

 

4.   Adverb of Manner

5. Adverb of Quantity

6.   Adverb of Reason

 

 

o

1.1) Adverb of Time

 

‘)

How soon cu1ui112.1) when c12.1oi1): How long will the workers remain working here ?

 

 

 

How soon will your sister go to America ?

When did he work with your company ?

 

2.2) Ad verb of Place

 

n,duo12.11,Ill

‘°’

Where is the pen ?

where have you been ?

Page 154

 

How far did he go yesterday?

How far did you live and then stay here ?

3.3) Adverb of Frequency How often :-

How often did your dog bark last night?

How often did your son ask you for money ?

4.-4) Adverb of Manner  How:-

How did Arther take the sword out of the stone ?

How is your father today?

How do you do this ?

5.5) Adverb of Quantity (Degree)  How much) How far

 

How much does he work every day ?

How far is it from here to Bangsaen ?

How much does it cost?

 

6.6) Adverb of Reason

Page 155

 

Why do you say this ?

Wherefore was he elected the head? (Wherefore  Why)

 

Interrogative Adverb ?

1. How long have you been here ? For two years. ,
2. When did this man begin to work with your company?.
3. Where did she dance last night ?
4. How far does your sister drive a car?
5. How often did he visit his home ?
6. How do you do this ? Can you tell me?
7. How is your father today ?
8. How much is it? How much does it cost ?
9. How far is it from here to Hard Yai ?
10. Why does he go there every day ? Wherefore was he elected the head ?
11. how long interrogative adverb of time
12. when interrogative adverb of time
13. where interrogative adverb of place
14. how far interrogative adverb of place
15. how often u interrogative adverb of frequency
16. how interrogative adverb of manner
17. how interrogative adverb of manner
18. how much interrogative adverb of quantity
19. how far interrogative  ádverb of quantity
20. why interrogative adverb of reason

Wherefore       interrogative adverb of reason

 

Conjunctive Adverb

: Conjunctive

: Conjunctive Adverb ( Relative Adverb )

Interrogative Adverb

Page 156

Conjunction    Interrogative Adverb Conjunctive Adverb :

This is the place where we live

 

1. This is the place b. Where we live

where    b           live          This is the place where we live

 

Conjunctive Adverb

 

1. Conjunctive Adverb of Time
2. Conjunctive Adverb of Place
3. Conjunctive Adverb of Frequency
4. Conjunctive Adverb of Manner
5. Conjunctive Adverb of Quantity
6. Conjunctive Adverb of Reasorn

1.1) Conjunctive Adverb of Time

Can you tell me when he will arrive here ?

I know when he will come. (when   will arrive   will come  )

2.2) conjunctive Adverb of Place

This is where I stayed last year.

 

page 157pa

page 157

Ladda will go she can live happily

Stayed live )

3.3) Conjunctive Adverb of Frequency  Number  How often :

I asked him how often he had gone there.

Please tell me how often she asks for money each day.

(How often had gone asks)

4.4) Conjunctive Adverb of manner  how:-

 

My father knows how I shot the tiger.

The government asked me how I had got the money.

(how  shot had gone)

5.5) Conjunctive Adverb of quantity (or degree) How long  how far:

No one knows how long she will live with him.

The police wonder how far this man can tell the truth.

(how long how far tell)

6.6) Conjunctive Adverb of reason (or cause)

Page 158

 

Panya did not know why she cried.

I want to know why he said like that.

(Why 2. cried said)

: Conjunctive Adverb??

 

Conjunction Adverb Conjunctive Adverb

 

Everybody knows when he will leave here for Hong Kong.

2. Can you tell me when she comes back ?
3. I want to know when Porn Pan will get married.
4. Ladda will go where she can live happily.
5. We asked David how often he had gone to Japan.
6. Please tell me how often your sister asks for money each day.
7. I want to know how you can do this
8. I doubt too much how a little boy can play the piano.
9. No one knows how long he lived here.
10. We wonder how far he can tell us the truth
11. Nobody knows why she cried.
12. Thai people doubt why the Prime Minister of Vietnam said like that.

 

1.when                                    conjunctive adverb of time

2.when                                   conjunctive adverb of time

3.when                                    conjunctive adverb of time

4. where conjunctive adverb of place
5. how often conjunctive adverb of frequency
6. how often conjunctive adverb of frequency
7. how conjunctive adverb of manner
8. how conjunctive adverb of manner
9. how long conjunctive adverb of quantity
10. how far conjunctive adverb of quantity
11. why conjunctive adverb of reason
12. why conjunctive adverb of reason

Page 159

: Adverb (Formation of Adverb)

:Adverb :

 

1) ly      :

 

Noun               Adverb

Day                 daily

Week               weekly

Year                 yearly

Month              monthly

2) ward  wards

 

Noun               Adverb

Back                back wards

Home              homewards

3)

 

Here, there, hard, late, always, well, often, too, very, seldom , where, when, hence, whence, how , why, then, thus, once , twice, sometime

4) Adverb:

 

To + day  = today

To +  morrow= tomorrow

In + side = inside

Out + side = outside

5) A  (Affix) (Adverb ):

 

A + way = away

A + go = ago

A + cross= across

A + foot =afoot

A + head = ahead

A+ live = alive

A+ bed = abed

 

6) (Suffix) “ly ”  Adverb  ly

Page 160

(1) Adjective y y     y    I ly :

 

Adjective                     Adverb

Easy                             easily

Heavy                          heavily

Happy                          happily

Merry                           merrily

Lazy                            lazily

(2) Adjective  e         e              e                y               ly :

 

Adjective                     Adverb

Suitable                       suitably

Simple                         simply

Comfortable                comfortably

(3) Adjective Adverb ly Adjective       :

 

Adjective                     Adverb

Bad                              badly

Brave                           bravely

Quick                           quickly

Slow                            slowly

Wise                            wisely

Sad                              sadly

Sweet                          sweetly

: ly Adjective  Adverb

Friendly                       likely

Lonely                         lovely

Lowly                          early

7) Adverb                Adverb :

Hard                            hardly

Late                             lately

Page 161

Direct                          directly

Sharp                           sharply

Short                            shortly

 

ADVERB ADJECTIVE

 

; adverb  adjective

: adverb adjective        :

Fast                  first                  fair

Hard                deep                long

Low                 high                 right

Loud                wrong              straight

Enough            short                late

 

Adverb Adjective

.  Verb to be Adjective

.  Adverb

 

Adjective                                             Adverb

This is a fast train.                               This train runs fast

He is a hard worker.                            Sak works hard today.

She sings with a low voice                  can you speak low

Danai is the first boy.                          Danai msut go first

This river is deep.                               This water runs deep

The plane flies iver the high trees       these birds can fly high

It is a wrong answer                            Please don’t do it wrong

This is fair plays                                 They would better play fair

It is a long way to the town                My grandfather lives long

This answer is right                             Can you spell it right?

She drove on the straight road            let him stand straight .

Boonsri is a short man                        He stands short from her

Daeng was late for his class                we come late today

The man shouted in a loud voice        Don’t speak oud

He has no enough money to buy it     She is good enough to be chosen

 

Adverb                        Adjective

 

 

1. The birds flew high over the high tree
2. These ill feelings won’t last long
3. He comes late to class very often . he was ten minute late this morning
4. There is nothing wrong with his machine
5. Don’t speak ill of your sister when she is ill
6. The fast train runs fast
7. The first runner will be awarded first
8. Be carful to do anything , and do it right
9. I bought a sharp knife at nine o’clock sharp
10. It is a straight road , so she can drive straight

 

 

• High adverb  flew          adjective  tree
• Ill adjective feelings long adverb last
• Late adverb          comes           late adjective           verb to be
• Wrong adjective nothing
• Ill adverb speak ill adjective verb to be
• Fast adjective      train runs
• First adjective  runner              adverb awarded

 

 

 

Page 163

 

8). Right adverb  do

9) Sharp adjective knife adverb          at nine o’clock

10). Straight  adjective e road adverb drive

 

 

1. The weather is ( many , much , very , top cold today
2. She is (very, much , little too) old to work with me
3. He writes his name (bad, good, nicely, quick )
4. Don’t go to school (soon , late , lately , scarcely)
5. My family have lived with each other ( happily, happiness , happy)
6. It is raining ( hardly, hardness, hard) outside
7. I (usual, usually, usurious) get up at six o’clock
8. The thai soldiers fought with the Burmese ( braveness, bravely, brave)
9. We shall meet him ( short shortly, lately )
10. Surasak is a (short, shortly ) man

 

 

1. very 2. Too 3, nicely 4. Late 5. Happily 6. Hard 7. Usually 8.bravely 9. Shortly 10. Short

 

 

Adverbial Particle

 

: Adverbial Particle

; Adverbial  Particles ( Preposition) 9verb ) Adverb    Adverbial Particle     Adverb “

Preposition adaverbial Particle  in, on , up , by, over, away, down, round , back , thorugh

Praticle :

 

1)

The pupils are writing Sentence down.

Writing ( adverbial Particle)

Put this book back where it came from.

(back  put     adverbial Particle )

Page 164

 

If he puts five baht in this machine, he will get some chocolate

(in puts Adverbial Participle )

2)  :

 

His offer is good reasonable, so I give in him.

Give     adverbial participle

I always put out the lights before I go to bed

(out  put adverbial participle )

Take your shoes off when you go in.

(off take  off     adverbial participle)

 

Adverbial Participles

: Adverbial participles

: Adverbial Participles

 

1) (Direct Object ) Adverbial Particle :

The teacher has come in the room. Please stand up

(stand  Adverbial Particle “up” stand)

The gun went off by accident.

(went off)

2) (Personal Pronoun )  Adverbial Particle  :

Page 165

 

I send him back because he is sick .

(send          Adverbial Particle  “back” him )

Let her in

(let in )

3) Adverbial Particle :

 

: Please turn the radio on.

: Please turn on the radio

(on Adverbial )

Adverbial Particle :

She put up her umbrella when it began to rain

(up Adverbial Particle put )

Ammat gave away every book that he possessed

(away Adverbial Particle gave      gave        )

4) Adverbial Particle :

1. a) (Personal Pronoun ) Adverbial particle   structure Adverbial Particle + Subject + verb:

Away if flew ! (= It flew away)

Off they went !

Out it comes ! (= it comes out.)

(away , off, out Adverbial Particle )

 

1. b) (Non- Personal Pronoun ) Adverbial Particle

 

page 166

Structure :

Adverbial Particle + Verb Subject

Away flew my hat! (=My hat flew away.)

Off went jack !(= Jack went off )

1. c) Adverbial Particle subject verb Structure :-

 

Adverbial Particle + with + noun  pronoun

 

Away with them! (=you make them away)

Off with their heads ! (= You cut their heads off)

1. d) Adverbial Particle “you” you :-

In you come !

Down you sit ! (= sit down , please )

 

Two-Word Verb of separable and In separable

(1)  9two-word verb of separable when followd by object )

(2)  ( two-word Verb of Inseparable when followed by object or not )

 

Page 167

1.1 Two-Word Verb :-

 

Bring about                        figure out

Bring up                             fill out

Blow up                              find out

Burn down                         have on

Call off                               hold off

Call up                                leave out

Carry on                             look over

Carry out                            look up

Cross out                            make up

Do over                              make over

Pick out                              pick up

Point out                             turn off

Put off                                think over

Put out                                try on

Take up                              try out

Talk over                            turn on

Wear out                             ect.

:

1. a) :-

: they’ve called the game off

: they’ve called off the game

: I called Mary up yesterday

; I called up Mary yesterday

; He looked the meaning of this word up

: He looked up the meaning of this word

1. b) (personal pronoun ) Adverbial Particle :-

: I called them up( I called up them )

Page 168

: She picked it out ( she picked out it)

; can you bring it out ? (:can you bring out it)

2.2)  two-word verb

 

Bear on                               hear of

Beak in                               hit on

Break into                           keep to

Call for                               live on

Call on                                look after

Call at                                 look for

Care for                              look into

Come across                       look across

Count on                             run against

Do without                         run after

Figure on                            run over

Get off                                see about

Get on                                 See to

Get over                             settle on

Get around                         stand for

Go over                              sick to

Go with                              disagree with

Go without                         run into

 

: The burglar broke into her house last night

(: The burglar broke her house into last night)

: They get on the bus in front of the school

(: They get the bus on in front of the school)

:  I come across an interesting book today

(; I come an interesting book across today )

Page 169

: His car ran into mine this morning

(: His car ran mine into this morning)

 

Choose the correct adverbial particle in parenthesis.

 

1. He remind me…………….(to, of , at ) my grandfather
2. I really respect you………(for, in, to ) your honest.
3. She called………..( to, on in ) me on her way home from work .
4. Thieves broke……..(to, into, on ) our flat and stolen my wife’s diamond ring.
5. She brought…………( up, to , of ) her children to be honest
6. I came …( over, upon, across ) this vase in a shop on Silom Road.
7. It took me a long time to get ……………(on, around , over ) my cold .
8. The auditors are looking …………….(for, over, down ) the bank’s book.
9. Many students are looking. (for, over, after) the summer jobs.
10. The meeting has been put… (off, to, on) until next week.
11. I ran (from, to, into) my old friend when I saw him.
12. He wanted to point… …(out, to, of) this case to police.
13. I shall go…. .(to, on, over) this plan again before I decide to start working.
14. The police are looking. (from, upon, into the records of all those involved in the crime.
15. They disagree. .(with, to, at) me for this matter.
16. It’s dangerous for a person to go. (with, without, by) water for a long time.
17. The stars in the U.S. flag stand …(ro, for, at) fifty states.
18. My sister was run ….(on, over, after) and had to be taken to hospital.
19. Buffalos live………….. (by, on, over) the grass in the fields.

20 . Do you have some money.. (on, with, by) you today?

 

1. of 2. For 3. on   4. Into 5. Up  6. Across        7. Over           8. over            9. for   10. Off 11. into out            13. over          14. Into           15. with          16. Without     17.for 18. over           19. On 20. on

Page 170

 

: Adjective

: Adjective Adjective :

 

good                           wise                 this

bad                              red                   those

tall                              fat                    short

dirty                             thin                  white               etc.

 

Adjective: 1):

The thin man can run very quickly.

A wise boy is able to answer a difficult problem.

The beautiful girl is wanted by a young boy.

(thin, wise, difficult, beautiful young)

3 Verb to be, look, feel, seem, get, taste, smell, turn, go, appear, keep, become, sound, grow, etc Adjective “Subjective Complement”:

I’m feeling a bit hungry. .

Sugar tastes Sweet. .

This soup smells good.

She appears cheerful today. appears)

(hungry, Sweet, good, และ cheerful เป็น Adjective feelina taste amells

3) (Object)

Page 171

…

Adjective  “objective ” Complement :-

 

 

Suki wade his wife happy.

I  consider that man mad.

This matter made me foolish. ad was foolish .

( happy ,mad foolish adjective objective wife ,man ,me )

 

4) Adjective Adjective (Prepositional Phrase)

A parcel  posted by mail today will reach him tomorrow.

It was a battle famous in history.

I have known the manager suitable for his position.

Adjective

1 ) Adjective

– sorty             afraid               well

alive               ashamed          worth

awake              ill                     alike

asleep                         aware               alone

page 172-235

The president is sorry

This is a sorry president

That girl is afraid.

This is an afraid girl.

He is well

He is a well man.

Wilai is ashamed

Wilai is an ashamed girl.

 

Former outer drunken latter upper middle inner elder entire wooden golden especial neighboring.

Burma is a neighboring country.

Burma is neighboring.

We met a drunken teacher.

The teacher was drunken.

Sombat is my elder brother.

3) Adjective (Compound Pronoun)

Someone      something      everywhere         no one

Somebody    everybody      anything            everything nothing         somewhere     everyone             nowhere anyone           anybody  (page 172)

I have something important to tell you.

I have important something to tell you.

There’s nothing new for us to do.

There’s new nothing for us to do.)

4 Adjective

This river is long two hundred miles.)

This mountain is five hundred feet high.

This mountain is high five hundred feet.)

Ladda is twenty years old

Ladda is old twenty years.

5) Adjective

Thongchan is a witty and wise teacher.

Thongchan is a teacher, witty and wise.

He bought a new, powerful and expensive car.

He bought a car new, powerful and expensive.

6) Adjective

King Naresuan, the Great.

Ivan, the Terrible.

Kukrit, the Wise of Siam.

Hercules, the Strong of the world. (174)

7).Adjective Phrase   Adjective Clause

The tall man with his dog is my uncle.

The boy who is talking with the teacher is her brother.

(The boy who is talking with the Adjective Clause boy boy)

8) Adjective   half, such, too, so, quite, rather

He spent half a day on gambling.

Such a man cannot be allowed.

It’s too hard a problem for him.

He is so good a boy.

She is quite a good pupil.

Jack is rather a lazy boy.

Many a dog is barking inside the house.

Adjective

Adjective

1. Descriptive Adjective
2. Proper Adjective
3. Quantitative Adjective
4. Numberal Adjective
5. Demonstrative Adjective
6. Interrogative Adjective
7. Possessive Adjective
8. Distributive Adjective
9. Emphasizing Adjective
10. Exclamatory Adjective
11. Relative Adjective (page 174)

1.1 Description Adjective

Good, bad, tall, short, black, white, fat, thin, clever, foolish, poor, rich, brave, cowardly, pretty, ugly, happy, sorry, etc.

The rich man lives in the big house.

A clever pupil can answer the difficult problem.

The black cat caught a small bird.

(Rich, big, clever, difficult, black, small)

2.2) Proper Adjective     Proper Noun

Proper Noun                             Proper adjective

England                                   English

America                                   American

Thailand                                   Thai

India                                         Indian

Germany                                   German

Italy                                          Italian

Japan                                        Japanese

China                                       Chinese

 

He employs a Chinese cook.

Do you learn the French literature?

The English language is used by every nation. (page 175)

(Chinese, French, English,)

3.3) Quantitative Adjective

Much, many, little, some, any, enough, half, great, all, whole, sufficient, etc.

He ate much rice at school yesterday.

She did not give any money to her brother.

Take great care of your health.

4.4) Numberal Adjective

1. Cardinal Numberal Adjective one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, etc.

My hand has five fingers.

She gave me two apples and three mangoes.

Wirt wants to buy seven pens.

(Five, two, three, seven)

2. Ordinal numberal Adjective first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, etc.

Thanu is the first boy to be rewarded in this school.

Suvit won the third prize last month and the second one last week.

I am the seventh son of my family.

(frist, third, second, seventh ) (page 176)

3. Mutiplicative Adjective double, triple, fourfold

Some roses are double.

Buddha Dhamma , and Sangha are triple gems.

(double, triple)

5.5 Demonstrative Adjective    such, same

I invited that man to come in.

She hated such things because they made her ill.

He said the same thing two or three times.

(that, such, same

6.6 Interrogative Adjective   What, Which, Whose

What book is he reading in the room?

Which way shall we go?

Whose shoes are these?

(What, Which, Whose )

7.7 Possessive Adjective  my, our, your, his, her its, their

This is my table.

Her book is on my desk.

Our nation needs solidarity. (page177)

Their parents work hard every day

(my, her, our, their)

8.8, Distributive Adjective each , every, either, neither The two men had each a gun.

Every soldier is punctually in this place.

Neither accusation is true.

 

9.9 Emphasizing Adjective

She said that she had seen it with her own eyes.

He is the very man who stole my wrist watch lase night. Supansa is my own girl-friend.

(Own, very)

10.10 Exclamatory Adjective   What

What an idea it is!

What a piece of work he does!

What a piece of work he does! (page178)

(what)

11.11 Relative Adjective  what

Give me what money you have.

I will take whichever horse you don’t want.

He will read what book he wishes.

(What, whichever)

 

1. My grandfather reads an English newspaper every morning.
2. Some people have much money but never happy.
3. This television was brought from Japan last year.
4. There are ten girls dancing in the room.
5. We love our country and protect it for ever.
6. Which book do you want to buy in the shop ?
7. The two men breaking into my house had each a gun.
8. Neither accusation is true
9. He is the very man who stole my wrist watch last night.
10. Malisa wanted to sell her own house.
11. What a man he is!
12. What a piece of work he does!
13. Please give me what money you have
14. I will take whichever pen you don’t want.
15. All students have already gone home.

 

1. English Proper Adjective
2. some Quantitative Adjective, happy Descritive Adjective
3. This Definite Adjective
4. ten Numberal Adjective
5. our Possessive Adjective
6. which Interrogative Adjective
7. each Distributive Adjective

8 neither Distributive Adjective

9. very Emphasizing Adjective
10. own Emphasizing Adjective
11. What Exclamatory Adjective
12. What Exclamatory Adjective (page 179)
13. What Relative Adjective
14. Whichever Relative Adjective

Adjective-Equivalent

 

Adjective-Equivalent?

Adjective-Equivalent  Adjective  Adjective- Equivalent

• Noun Adjective

Thammasart University is the place for political studies.

(Thammasart University)

My younger brother wishes to study at Suan Kularb School.

(Suan Kularb  school )

They have worked in New York City for two years (New York city)

• Apostrophe(’s) Adjective

 

Daeng’s house was built in Bangkok five years ago. The teacher’s table is larger than the students’. (teacher’s table) ( 180)

• Infinitive ( to +V.1)

 

He has no money to give me for buying a pen.

(to give Adjective  money )

This book is good for you to read.

(to read Infinitive you)

 

• Participle

The standing boy is afraid of the running dog. (Standing, running Participle)

I bought a used car from Bangkok.

(used  Participle  car)

• Gerund  ( Verb ing ) Adjective

 

There is a swimming pool in our village. (swimming  gerund Adjective  pool)

Now he is waiting for you in the meeting room.

( meeting gerund room)

• Phrase   Adjective

 

Walking along the street, he saw a car accident.

(walking along the street  he)

The man in this room is our guest.

(in this room man) (page181)

 

To open the door, you have to turn the knob to the left. (To open the door Adjective  you)

He wants to buy the house on the corner.

(on the corner house)

 

• Subordinate Clause Adjective

This is the house that Jack built.

(that Jack built  Subordinate Clause house )

I know Mr.Smith whom you want to see.

(whom you want to see  Subordinate Clause Mr.Smith)

 

Adjective

Adjective

Numberal                          Descriptive

(a)           (b)          (a)             (b)       (c)

Article                    ordinal     cardinal    quantity   Size or   colour        proper        Sub    Head

shape                    Adjective   Noun    Noun

Demonstrative

Possessive

 

The man’s first two interesting little red French oil paintings.  (page183)

 

Her two lovely little jewelry boxes are here.

The girl’s first three beautiful little white Thai silk dresses were bought from Ubol Ratchathani last month.

-paintings

-oil

-French

-red

-little

-interesting

-two

-first

-man’s

-the

(Phrase)      (clause)

 

Did you see the picture on the wall which was painted by her?

(on the wall Phrase  Clause  which was painted by her)

I know the man in the room who told me the way to the library.

(in the room phrase who told me the way to the library  Clause)

 

 All     Both    Adjective     Pronoun  (183)

All     Both    Adjective     Pronoun

1).all both all both Pronoun

We all went home about ten o’clock last night.

They both can speak French very well.

(all  both we, they all, both)

 

20. Ponoun Verb to be both Verb to

We are all wrong.

They are both still alive.

Those are all right.

(all, both Pronoun  Pronoun Verb to be Verb to be)

 

3). Pronoun    all  both

They have all done well.

We have been both living here for over half a year.

(all, both done living )

 

Choose the correct words in parentheses.

1. Although he was (asleep, sleeping), but his brain seemed to be at work.
2. Today Mary is (good, well) so she smiles all time.

3, A (good, well) student must be at school every day.

4. There is (important something, something important) to give to a (ill, sick) man at hospital. 5. A (drinking, drunken) man can’t drive a car safely
5. The road in my country is (two hundred miles long, long two hundred miles).
6. Please hand me those (big two French books, two big French books, Frech two big books). 8. I saw the (awake, waking) baby in the cradle last night.
7. We live in the (wooded, wood) house every day.
8. Our capital is (two hundred old years, two hundred years old.)
9. She likes a room with a high ceiling. This one is (high four metres, four metres high, high for four metres) (page184)
10. Do you think there are many (things interested, interesting things, things interesting) in a what he said?
11. asleep 2. well 3. good 4. something important 5. drunken 6. two hundred miles long 7. two big French books 8. waking 9. wooden 10. two hundred years old 11. four metres high 12. things interesting (page 185)

 

Chapter 9

Prepositions and Idioms

Preposition

Preposition

I lay my book on the table.

She is going to school.

Preposition

1)

They work in the garden. (in work garden)

I went with him. (with went him)

2)

The camera on the sofa is mine.( on camera sofa)

I shall send this present to him. (to present him)

Preposition   Object   Preposition

He is looking at me. ( at I)

She thought of us. (of we)

preposition object object Question Prepositio  (page 186)

What are you looking at?

what are you looking of?

which of these chairs did you sit on?

Prepositions

1. Simple Preposition

in, on, at, by, With, of, like, down, per, from, off, till, out, through, near, since, over. 2. Compound Preposition

 

above, across, along, anidst, against, among, around before behind, below, beneath, besides, between, beyond, despite, except, inside, into, outside, toward. under , below, until, upon, within, without, underbeneath, etc.

2. Participial Preposition Participle

barring                  During

Concerning            considering

pending                 regarding

touching                notwithstanding

 

barring: Barring accidents, the mail will arrive tomorrow

Pending: Pending (=during) his return you should call me up.

considering: Concerning yesterday’s fire, there were many rumours in the bazaar.

concerning : considering the quantity, the price is not hight.

regarding :A letter regarding (=about) the boy’s rudeness was sent to his father

 

respecting: respecting the plan you mention, 1 shall write to you here after.

touching: Touching this matter I have not made up my mind.

notwithstanding: Notwithstanding her aughtiness, I love my little girl.

 

4.Phrasal Preposition

as to=

I will inquire again as to what your reasons are.

because of =

He couldn’t leave the house because of the rainstorm.

by dint of =

She gained the first prize by dint of working hard.

by means of=

She recovered his health by means of exercise every morning.

at home in=

Khaisacng is at home in politics.

at the top of=

He shouted at the top of his voice, but no one heard.

at enmity with =

In former time the Burmese were at enmity with the Thais.

by force of=

Most work can be made easily by force of patience.

by the side of =

The dog was sleeping by the side of its mater.

by virture of =

Sunai passed the examination by vi virture of hard working.

by way of=

I mention this point by way of coutioning you.

for fear of=

She took an umbrella for fear of being caught in rain.

for the purpose of=

He bought the  land for the purpose of building a house on it.

for the sake of=

They agreed to a compromise for the sake of setting the matter.

for want of =

The crops in this country failed for want of seasonable rain.

in accordance with=

Your action is not in accordance with common sense at all.

in(on)behalf of=

This request is made to you on behalf of your son only.

He has kept a reserved fund in case of his daughter’s study.

in common with =

You deserve to be blamed in common with the rest.

in connection with=

Tell me all you know in connection with that matter.

in consequence of =

I consequence of the plane accident many families are in mourning.

in consideration of=

In consideration his hard work, he may be allowed another chance.

in course of=

He happened, in course of conversation, to say that she was his wife.

in defence of=

I said all I could be in defence of my client.

in defiance of=

These men got up a riot in defiance of the law.

in favour of=

He has resigned his post in favour of his son.

in front of =

His house stood in front of the bridge.

The day was kept as a public holiday in honour of the King.

in keeping with=

Your love of sport is in keeping with your age.

in lieu of =

You should take my report in lieu of his.

in prospect of=

Men plough in prospect of the coming harvest.

in persuance of=

I was ready to do anything in persuance of my son.

in quest of=

He comes here in quest of what he needs.

in respect of=

wichai is my senior in respect of age.

 

in spite of =

In spite of all my advice that I gave him, he took to the practice drinking.

instead of=

We had better work instead of idling away our time.

in view of=

We must make up our minds at once in view of the urgency of the case.

in sight of=

We have now come in sight of the land.

in event of=

I shall have another chance in event of failure.

in the face of=

Sombat was always brave in the face of danger.

in the quise of =

Mana came back to his house again in the quise of an Indian merchant.

in the hope of=

He tried again in the hope of succeeding next time.

in the rear of=

The dog followed in the rear of its master along the street.

in the teeth of=

He couldn’t keep on running in the teeth of the rainstorm.

in order to=

She came here in order to see her mother.

in proportion to=

He is cleverer than you in proportion to his years.

in regard to=

What have you to say in regard to that subject ?

in unison with=

Your opinions are not in unison with those of mayority of people.

an account of=

The famine took place on account of the failure of the rain.

on the brink of=

Their country is on the brink of serious disaster.

on the eve of=

He died on the eve of victory.

on the ground of=

I declined the invitation on the ground of the previous engagement.

on the part of=

Incompetence on the part of a policeman is unable to arrest every burglar

on the point of =

He was on the point of letting out the secret when the major came in.

on the score of=

Mana begged to be excused on the score of inexperience.

on pretence of=

His evil deeds were done on pretence of religion.

with a view to=

He said all he could with a view to proving his innocence.

with an eye to=

We are working hard now with an eye to the future.

with reference to=

I have nothing to say with reference to this question.

 

Prepositions

Prepositions

Prepositions

• Prepositions

in                           for

on                          from

at                           by

to                           before

about                     after

between                during

since                      till

through                 throughout

 

In

in march                      in june

in 1973                        in2525

in (the)summer

in(the) winter

in(the)fall

in(the)spring

 

on March 5, on February 10, 1976

on Sunday morning

in Sunday morning

on Tuesday evening

( in Tuesday evening)

(period length of time)

in three months          in two years

in an hour                    in five days

in ten minutes                         in seconds

in the morning            in the afternoon

in the evening             the day time

in the beginning          in the middle of

in the meantime         in time

Adjective  everyday next last preposition

 

on every Sunday         every Sunday

in next December       next December

in last week (year)       last week (year)

Richard comes here  every Sunday.

Richard comes here on every Sunday.

on(the day of the week)

on Monday

on Tuesday

on Wednesday

on Thursday

on Friday

on Sunday

on the fifth of December

on March 10, 1981

on King’s Birthday

on Songkran Day

on Buddhist Holiday

on Christmas

on New Year Day

on time

on occasions

from now on

at six o’clock

at 5: 30 P.M.

at noon at night

at midnight

at midday

at dawn (at sunrise)

at sunset

at Christmas Day

(Christmas )

at this moment

at the first time

at first

at once

at that time

at the time when…

at present

at last

since, for, during

since August

since 1965

since eight o’clock

since yesterday (Sunday etc.)

since January (February etc.)

since he came back

since his father died

 

For

for a week  1 for a month

for two years  for many

for six days

 

since for Perfect Tense

Amy has lived in Thailand for two years.

Jane has worked here since she came back.

During during noun Phrase

We went to Bangsaen during the summer holidays.

He still stays here during his examination.

by until

by  until by

by ten o’clock

until ten o’clock

by tomorrow

until tomorrow

-by

He will finish it by next week. (finish next week)

She will arrive here by eight o’clock. (arrive)

-until

He’ll stay here until tomorrow.(stay tomorrow)

she’ll teach in this school until next you. (teach next year)

2).Preposition

about, above, across, against, along ,among, by,  in, off, over, past, though, in, before, behind below, beneath, beside, between, beyond, down ,from, inside, towards, under, underneath, up, away from, far from, in front of, at the back  of, at the end of, into, above, below, over, under near, round, into

Above, below, over, under

 

 

Above

Below

Over

Under

ABOVE OVER UNDER BELOW

A is above X but not over X.

B is below X but not under X.

C is below X and also over X.

D is below X and also under X.

 

toward(s) in to from through into out of

In, At

in Bangkok, in Paris, in Chiengmai, in China, in Asia, etc.

John has lived in Bangkok for two years.

(lived at Bangkok)

in the house

in the office

in the canal

at home, at a village, at Don Muang, at the table, etc.

They are at home.

I wish to see him at a village.

on

He lives at 135 Sukhumwit Road.

She lives on Charoenkrung Road.

between, Among

-between

She walks between her father and mother.

-among

Amnat sits between you and me.

He looked for his pen among the pieces of paper.

Amy wrote a letter among her friends.

3). Preposition (topics) (subjects)

About=

A book about eats.

A story about a dog and a cat.

On=

A book on Outer Space.

A talk on Problems in Society.

A lecture on Early Childhood

A report on Education.

Of=

A book of poems.

A set of foreign stamps.

A book of Tripitaka.

A collection of photographs.

4).Preposition (Materials) (ingradients)

Of=

A bottle is made of glass.

A table is made of wood.

A ring is made of gold.

from=

Glass is made from sand.

Wine is made from gropes.

Bread is made from butter and sugar.

out of=

The hut was made out of old planks.

I made my first car out of three old ones.

with=

He fills the box with mangoes.

She makes bread with flour, water and yeast.

The mountain ‘was covered with snow.

without =

You can’t make a table without wood.

Can you travel around the world without a ticket ?

5) Preposition   destination (purpose)

what ……….for?

where………for?

who…………for?

what the money on the table for?

It’s for the waiter.

Who’s the letter for ?

It’s for Susan, not for you.

Where’s the plan of a road building for ?

It’s for Bangna-Trad road.

6) Preposition (having, carrying)

with, in, of without

With=

A girl with brown hair is my sister.

An old man with eyeglasses wishes having a trip in Italy.

A sailor with only one arm needs to see a doctor.

In=

Yesterday he was in a black shirt for working.

That boy is dressed in rages.

I saw a man in brown shoes coming here last night.

of= (in a partitive sense and one unit)

a kilo of meat

a slice of bread

a spoonful of jam

a member of the club.

Maree gave her duaghter a slice of bread.

without=

a dog without a tail.

a pot without a handle.

a man without legs.

He sold a dog without a tail yesterday.

Egg without salt isn’t very nice.

7). Preposition (agents, ways or means) by, with, through, without, of

by=  (passive Voice)

This book was written by Archan Samran.

This medicine was discovered by Dr.Thomas.

by=

They go by bus

They come by train.

They travel by boat.

They go by by plane.

by=

You can cure a headache by taking an aspirin.

Please send a massage by cable at once.

with=

The doctor took my temperature with a thermometer.

We can eat rice with spoons.

through=

They last themselves through not knowing the way.

She caught cold through working in rain.

=without (not with)

He can’t make tea without water.

My friend left suddenly without saying goodbye.

Of=

Every year many Thais die of cancer.

She died of her liver last year.

• Preposition (other meanings)

according to                 as well as

against                       notwithstanding

except                        apart from

but ( except)               besides

instead of

as well as=

He as well as you is very lazy to read.

according to=

Tomorrow it will rain much according to the weather forecast.

against=

She is against working on Sundays.

Notwithstanding=

None of these boys wears a coat notwithstanding the cold weather.

except=

Monks and novices can’ t eat anything except water in the afternoon.

Apart from=

Apart from collecting the stamps, we do nothing else.

but=

Nobody but me has a pen to write a letter.

besides Who can speak Japanese besides you and me ?

instead= (in place of)

Let me do instead of him.

Suwit works here instead of Winai, who has a bad cold today.

• Preposition

at dinner, at breakfast , at play, at war, at peace, at length, at work ,at last ,at will ,at a loss, at best ,at worst ,at most, at least, at first, at this, at that, at a profit first sight, at sight at short notice, at rest, at home, at church, at sea, at school, at a pinch, at all events, at present, at once at all costs, at hand, at ease, at heart, at any rate, at the same time ,at a time, at times

 

-by

by land, by air, by plane, by bus, by letter, by accident, by luck, by no means, by rights, by the way, by hand, by sea, by ship, by car, by heart, by post, by good fortune, by-self, by all means,  by degrees, by sight, by name, by telegram, by night, by design, by far, by cable, by day, by chance, by mistake

-in

in common, in fun, in tears, in play, in a hurry, in any case, in that case, in some cases, in fact, in particular, in a sense, in public, in private, in secret, in time, in debt, in difficulties, in brief ,in danger, in love, in need, in itself, in other words, in a way (in some way), in a word, in all ,in general, in turn, in work ,in hand, in trouble, in the long, in two, in ink, in pencil, in place, in the end, in due course, in stock .

 

 

-On

on fire, on purpose, on the other hand, on the contrary, on the whole, on no account, on my account, on business, on pleasure, on holiday, on vacation, on duty, on watch, on second thoughts, on guard, on the overage, on leave, on a visit, on a journey, on one’s way ,on sale, on foot ,on horseback, on time.

-out

out of breath, out of sight, out of danger, out of order, out of question, out of turn, out of use, out of stock, out of place, out of work, out of hearing, out of doors, out of reach, out of ordinary, out of practice, out of date, out of repair, out of control,

 

Underline the correct preposition in each bracket.

1. His family has been in London (for, since two years.
2. Your birthday is (in, on) January, but mine is (in, on) June 17
3. The Thongprasert family live (at, on) Charoennakorn Road (in, on) Bangkok.
4. When you send a letter, don’t forget to put a stamp (in, on) the end of June.
5. Martinet will leave here (for, to) England (in, at) the end of June.
6. Columbus discovered America (in, on) 1942.
7. Michigan is situated (among, between) Lake Michigan and Lake Huron.
8. Suni walked (in, into) the kitchen and put her shopping-bag (on, over ) the table.
9. It takes three yards (of, by) material to make a dress.
10. I have just received the bill (to, in) the middle of the month.
11. Mr. William spends 12. The headmaster let me do instead (of, for) him.
12. We can meet each other (by, at) dinner because we are these days very busy.
13. Every year many Thais die (by, of cancer.
14. They will have finished this work (in, by) next month.
15. We must go to the station (on, in) a hurry, because there are five minutes left.
16. Today the cabinet will have a meeting (in, at) midday.
17. His brother always gets up (in, at) dawn.
18. Most people like to go to Bangsaen (during, between) the summer holidays.
19. The plane will fly in France (in, on) Tuesday (at, on) eleven o’clock (in, at) the morning. 21. The Grand Palace is situated (among, during, between) Wat Po and the University of Fine Arts.
20. There is only one (among, between, during) the boys that knew the answer of this question.
21. The Browns will arrive (to, in, at) Thailand (at, on) Christmas. 24. When we write to our friends, we should write (with, by, in) ink. 25. This liquid smells (as, like) turpentine.

 

1. for 2. in, on 3. on, in 4. on 5. for, at 6. in 7. between 8. into, on 9. of 10. in 11. in, at 12. of 13. at 14. of 15. by 16. in 17. at 18. at 19. during 20. on, at, in 21. between 22. among 23. in, at 24. in 25. like

 

accuse of, admit to, add to, agree on +something,  agree to (Idea, Suggestion), agree with +,   approve of, belong to, borrow from,  become of, bring of Fine, begin with, blow down, blow out, boil down, break into, burn of,  buy out, call in, care for (about), compare with, count in, count in, cross out, cut in, dash off, dispute about, dream of, drop into, eat away, entitle into, accustom to, answer to, acquaint with, agree about +something, apologize to, believe in, boast of, boast of, beat up, blow away, blow off, boil away, breah away, bring out, buy off, buy up ,call at, compare to, congratulate on, count on, cut down ,cut out, declare of, draw back, dress up, dry out, embark on, enter into. face down fall down feed to fight for fill out fly at get ahead get by get out of give on give up hang on hold by involve in jump on keep away knock down langh at live on look for pack up pass by play down rool up save up see off take up wait on write down face up fall in love feel for figure on finish up follow up get along wit get down give in give over go along with hang up hold up inquire about join up kick in knock together leave off listen to look out pass away point out quarrel run away see about take care of talk over wait for work out over

• Idiom (participle) participle (participle after adjective)

adequate for afraid of absent from aware of anxious about appropriate for available to capable of clear to doubtful about equal to essential for equivalent to evident from faithful to familiar with(to) fond of friendly with free from full of (be) ashamed of different from (be) disappionted with (be) pleased with (be) satisfied with grateful to (be) interested in  generous with noun generous about V-ing hopeful of  happy about identical with jealous of loyal to patient with perfect for popular with proud of responsible for satisfactory with(to) similar to successful in superior to suitable for suspicious about unfit for angry with good at good in famous for (be) pleased by sick of + V-ing ahead of etc

3.3) Idiom (Preposition after Noun)

 

approval of confidence in demand for faith in increase in interest irn invitation to pride in reason for solution to experience in cause of cure for difficulty in influence on improvement in intention of matter with progress in reputation for shortage of care of

 

Choose the correct preposition in parenthesises.

1. The police accused me………………………………..of, by, on) stealing a car.
2. Steven is accustomed………………………….. of, with, on) eating Thai food.
3. His knowledge is superior………………………………..(than, to, at, on) hers.
4. The novel written in U.S.A. is based…………………(on, from, by, in) his experience .of life
5. Let me congratulate you………………….………(in, with, on, to) your success.
6. Though I don’t allow him to say, but he persist……..(of, on, at, in) saying.
7. I went to see my friend…….. (off, from, in) at Don Muang when he left here for England.
8. My friend boasted……………………..(about, on, of, to) his success too much.
9. These foreigners want to exchange dollars………..(for, in, with, at) Thai money at my office.
10. Can he confess the truth………….(at, with, on, to) the police?
11. Thai soldiers have to protect their country, and they won’t yeild………with, to, from by) the communists.
12. Her means is equivalent. ………………..(to, with, then, at ) your.
13. Our teacher prohibited us……………..………….(to, from, about, at) smoking.
14. She is sick..(of, to, at, on) living with her husband together.
15. Your manager is never responsible……………………. (of, for, to, with) his duty.
16. Somsri was employed……………………..(to, of, at, in) washing clothes in my house.
17. His brother disappointed. . …………………..to, with, for, at) low marks.
18. Our country is famous. …………………………(for, about, to, at) the fine arts.
19. This television is similar ………………………..(with, for, about, to) that one.
20. You shouldn’t be jealous………………………..…..(to, with, from, to) her beauty.
21. When you get……………………………… ……….(to, by, off, at) the post office, please lay this letter into the box.
22. Her reason is excellent so I give……………….(on, it, to, with) her.
23. After his father had died, he took………………………..on, over, with, up) chattles.
24. He lost his pen and then he went back to too……………..after, at, for, in) it.
25. She suspected you…….………..(to, of, on, in) the thief who stole her diamond ring last night.

 

1.of 2. to 3. to 4. on . on 6. in 7. off 8. of 9. for 10. to 11. to 12. to 13. from 14. of 15. for 16. in 1 keep f 17. with 18. for 19. to 20. of 21. by 22. in 23. up 24. for 25. of

 

Error in Idiom

Idiom (object) Verb Preposition (Structure) Idiom

add to=

add something + to (with) something.

I want to add this number to that number.

blame for=

blame someone for + something

My father blamed me for my evil deed.

compare with (to) =

compare + somethingwith something.

He compares this car with that one.

congratulate on=

congratulate + someone + on +something

We congratulate you on your promotion.

explain to=

explain something + to someone.

Can you explain this math problem to me?

excuse for=

excuse + someone + for + somethin

Please excuse me for being late.

introduce to=

introduce + someone + to + someone

I introduce him to my sister today.

keep for=

keep + something + for + someone.

Would you keep this money for me ?

prefer to=

refer +someone/something someone + to + something/someone.

She prefers this pen to that one.

I prefer a girl to a boy.

remind of=

remind + someone+ of something/someone

He reminds me of my appointment.

My friend reminds me of my mother.

thank for=

thank someone + for something

Thank you for telling me about your plans.

subtract from=

Structure + something + form + something

Please subtract this figure from the total.

conceal from=

conceal + something + from + somebody

He tried to conceal his anxiety from his colleagues.

excuse of=

excuse + somebody of something

He excused me of a thief.

Structure

excuse + of +ing

She excused me of stealing her money.

compensate for=

compensate + u + for

Nothing can compensate you for this loss.

Chapter 10

Conjunctions

conjunction

conjunction (words)(phrases) (sentences) conjunction :

time and tide waits for no man.

James and I go to school every day.

you and he are both wrong.

she sat down and cried.

I have a white and black cat at home.

Every cat moves slowly and silently.

Do not walk up, but down the hill.

Not speaking much but speaking well denotes the truly wise.

(Clause to Clause)

My brother told me that his dog was dead.

(Sentence to Sentence)

He worked hard but he did not succeed.

Conjunction

Conjunction

Conjunctions

1. Co-ordinate Conjunctions
2. Subordinate Conjunctions
   • Co-ordinate Conjunctions Compound Sentence
3. And and
4. But but
5. or or
6. So so

1).And-type and (cumulative copulative) Conjunction

and

both……..and

not only…………but also

no less……….then

as well as

and ………too

and also

nor=(=and     not)

what’s more,

furthermore

moreover

besides

likewise

again

conjunction

=Daeng was tired and hungry.

=Daeng was tired as well as hungry.

=Daeng was both tired and hungry.

=Daeng was not only tired but also hungry.

=Daeng was no less tired than hungry.

=Daeng was tried and hungry too.

=Daeng was tried and also hungry.

Adjective

Nor

Nor (=and no)

He is not a coward. + He is not a fool.

=He is not a coward nor a fool.

=He is not a coward and not a fool.)

He is not a policeman. He is not a soldier.

=He is not a policeman nor a soldier.

=He is not a policeman and not a soldier.)

nor Inversion

I haven’t any time to do it. I haven’t any money.

=I haven’t any time to do it nor do I have any money.

She doesn’t like this dress. She doesn’t want it.

=She doesn’t like this dress nor does she want it.

moreover , what’s more, furthermore ,besides, likewise,

He is tired and hungry.

He is tired and hungry;

moreover,

what’s more,

furthermore,               He is cold.

besides,

likewise,

again,

Conjunctive Adverb   Conjunctive Adverb

semicolon , comma

2).But-type (Adversative) conjunction

but

while

yet

still

whereas

however

nevertheless

on the other hand

for all that

(but)

Conjunction Conjunction Adverb

He has plenty of money. He is unhappy.

= He has plenty of money, but he is unhappy.

=He has plenty of money, yet he is unhappy.

=He has plenty of money, still he is unhappy.

=He has plenty of money, however he is unhappy.

=He has plenty of money, while he is unhappy

=He has plenty of money, nevertheless he is unhappy.

=He has plenty of money, for all that he is unhappy.

but: comma comma

He never works hard but he gains all prizes.

(comma but)

He waited many hours for her to come to the party, but eventually she didn’t come.

(comma but)

While whereas:

This hat costs 20 baht, while (whereas) that one costs 15.

however:

I told him not to send those books by airmail; however, I now think that he had better do so.

yet:

To drink much whisky makes a man die of cirrhosis of the liver; yet many people disobey it.

On the other hand : (yet)

Games are very good for one ;on the other hand, one must not play too much.

for all that:

Many people prefer the instalment plan ; for all that, I would better wait and pay for cash.

Nevertheless:

The sun is shining ; nevertheless, I’m sure it’ll rain.

 

3).or-type or  Conjunction ( Alternative Disjunction)

 or       :                       =

or else                         =

otherwise                    =

either ……or                 =

neither ……nor =

or:

1). or or or comma

Is she asleep or awake ?

You must come on Monday or Tuesday.

Is it boy or girl?

2). or comma(,) or :-

You must go now, or you’ll miss the train.

He must study hard, or he’ll fail in exam.

or else otherwise: or else, otherwise comma:-

They must leave at once, or else they will miss the train.

You had better come yourself, otherwise you will send your friend.

either…..or neither…..nor. (or nor)

Either you or she has to go now.

Neither he nor I am invited to the party.

4) So-type so (Illative Result)

so                     =

for                   =

therefor           =

consequently   =

accordingly     =

So

The door was open so I went in.

for:

He went in, for the door was open.

therefore:

Jack was sick ; therefore, he didn’t come to school.

He broke the rules of the school; therefore, he deserved to be punished.

Consequently accordingly: therefore (conjunctive adverb)

Thailand lies near to the equator; consequently, the weather is very hot all the year around.

Our business has become worse during the last three years; accordingly, we cannot pay the debt.

 

Conjunction

Conjunctive adverb

(Punctuation)

• Co-ordinate conjunction and , or, but so comma(,)

John is a very lazy student, and he always comes late to class.

Keep off my property, or I’ll have you arrested.

His wife is very beautiful, but she cannot cook at all.

There is very little rain here, so we often have crop failures.

1. Correlative conjunctions neither …nor, either…..and , whether….or not only ….but also, comma

He is neither a coward nor a fool.

She is not only beautiful but also clever.

1. Comma

He went in and I went out.

1. Comma (No comma if words are joined.)

=He is poor but honest.

• Conjunctive Adverb besides, in addition, moreover, what’s more, otherwise, Furthermore, nevertheless, on the other hand, for all that, accordingly, consequently semicolona9(;) Comma (,):-

Jack is a very lazy student, moreover, he always come late to class.

Keep off a fierce dog; otherwise, it will bite you.

Sunlight is good for health; on the other hand, too much sunlight may cause illness.

Conjunctive adverb yet, still however, nevertheless semicolon (;) comma (,) :-

He never worked hard; he gained all prizes, however.

I was annoyed; I kept quiet, nevertheless.

Still.

Yet.

However.

• Subordinate conjunction Complex Sentence subordinate conjunctions co-ordinate conjunctions “subordinate conjunctions Co-ordinate Conjunction”

If you want me, I will come.

(=I will come if you want me.)

Subordinate conjunctions

That when where  why

How while before until (till)

If after since because

Unless as which although (though)

Last as soon as as…..as whether etc.

Complex sentence

1. (Time)

Wait for me till I come.

I returned home after he had gone.

(Till after subordinate Conjunction)

2. (Reason)

He will succeed, because he has worked hard.

As he was not there, I spoke to his brother.

(Because as subordinate Conjunction)

3. (Purpose)

We eat that we may live.

He held her hand lest she should fall.

(Lest =) (That lest subordinate conjunction)

 

4. (Result)

Susan is so fat that she cannot walk fast.

He is so tried that he could scarcely stand.

(That subordinate that so)

5. (Condition)

I will so this if I am allowed.

He will not do that unless you allow him.

(If unless subordinate conjunction)

6. (Condition)

kitti is an honest man, though much he may try.

He will never succeed, although much he may try.

7). (comparison)

He like you as much as I (like you)

She is more diligent than I (am).

(As….as then subordinate conjunction)

She loves you more than (she loves) me.

8). (exten manner)

Do in room as the Romans do.

Men will reap as they sow.

This is not true, so far as I can find out.

(As so far as subordinate conjunction)

9). (apposition)

It is true that he becomes rich.

He made a promise that he would return soon.

(That subordinate Conjunction)

 

 

Choose the best answer for each of the sentences

1. Chaiya failed in an examination ….he worked hard.
2. unless b. if              c. in spite of            d. so
3. You did your work well. …you deserve to have the prize.
4. and           b. so             c. but                         d. otherwise

3……….you ………….I am to go shopping today.

1. Both-and As-as        c. Either-or             d. so-as

4.The boys must be good… …….they will be punished.

1. or    b. so                        c. and                        d. therefore

 

5.That man can’t work hard………………….he is very sick.

1. although b. because of             c.in spite of              d. because

 

6.I am so tired……………. I can’t keep on working.

1. that b. But c. as                           d. because

 

7.She can’t speak French and her sister can’t ………………….

1. too b. also                   c. as well                       d. either
2. …………..his illness, he did not come to the party.
3. because b. Though c. because of                  d. As soon as

 

9. I have been here ……………I was young boy.
10. since b. So-that               c. while                           d. as soon as
11. You speak English …………fast……I do.
12. and b. so that c.as-as                            d. too-to
13. ……………..that men says, we shall not to believe him.
14. Whenever b. so-that                    c. However           d. Wherever
15. The door………………the window was printed green.
16. and b. as well as                c. or                        d. but

13………………my being tired, I want to bed.

1. Because though                       c. Because  of           d. Beside
2. Make up your mind ………..it will be late.
3. and b. unless c. so                           d. or
4. I have …………….a dog…………………….a cat.
5. and-or b. either-or                 c. not only but also     d.or-and

16.He has ……………great honesty that we want to be his frined.

1. such b. but                         c. so                            d. or

17.He ……………….. I is reading the new paper.

1. with b. as well                    c. including                d. and

18.You speak………….you know everything.

1. as if b. but                           c. although                 d. with
2. she came here……………she might see her mother.
3. for b. in order to c. in order that               d. because
4. They are so lazy………………..they do nothing.
5. as b. that                   c. therefore                       d. and

 

 

1.a                   2.b                   3.c                   4.a                   5.d                   6.a                   7.d

 

8.c                   9.a                   10.c                 11.b                 12.b                 13.c                 14.d

 

15.c                 16.a                 17.c                 18.a                 19.c                 20.b

 

 

Error in Conjunction

Conjunction

So that, so……..that, such…… that (such a……..that in order to so as to, in order th

lest, as long as, so long as, if, unless, but that, inasmuch as, or else, till os until, provid

(Providing), supposing, since, as soon as, in case, because iu because of, the same….as,

either of, neither of, no sooner…. .than , not so….as

So that  (Cause)

1 may might should +Verb 1 u

 

I stepped aside so that she might go in.

We cat so that we may live

He gave up smoking so that he should get better

Complex Sentence  so that Simple Sentence

in order to       so  as to

He gave up Smoking in order to ( so as to) get better.

So……that : so…that Adjective

Adverb   Adjective (Structus)

 

 

so+        Adverb

Adjective              +that

Adj.+Noun

 

 

 

Wichal runs so fast that I cannot overtake him.

He is so far that he cannot run guickly. (Page 228)

 

John has s0 much money that he doesn’t know what to do with it

Such…….that: such. that  Adjective w0neeg (Structure)

(A) Such a +Adjective + that

He is such a good boy that everyone likes him

It  is such a hot day that I can’t stay at home

 

( B) such + Adjective, + that

Adjective

 

 

 

They are such heavy boxes that I can hardly lift them up.

 

It is such nice weather that we want to go swimming.

 

such a + Adjective + A    so. that

 

so adjective + a + that

He is so good a boy that I like him

He is such a good boy that I like him.)

 

in order to  :infinitive

 

I came here in order to drink coffee.

(I come here. I drink coffee.)

 

He went there in order to have his hair cut.

(= He went there. He had his hair cut.)

so as to :  in order to Infinitive

shall go on working late tonight so as to be free tomorrow.

(= I shall go on working late tonight. I shall be free tomorrow.)

 

in order that: in order that in order to in order to infinitive

in order that (Clause) .

Children go to school in order that they may learn things.

( Children go to school in order to learn things.

He worked harder in order that he might succeed

(He worked harder in order to succeed. I

 

lest : (that……..not ) lest

should (may, might)

He works harder lest he should (may) fail.

I worked harder lest I should (might) fail

as long as, so long as

(Correlative Conjunction)

comma (.)

 

As (so) long as you come here in time, you will see her.

As (so) long as he is here, I cannot do anything.

 

if :

comma (,)

 

If the weather holds good, we shall stay another week.

comma : –

 

We shall stay here another week if the weather holds good.

unless : if…………. not

 

We shall go unless it rains.

Unless it rains, we shall g0.

(=We shall go if it does not rain.)

not     unless  unless  (negative) (page 230)

 

Unless he does not study harder, he will fail in the exam.

Unless he studies harder tudies harder, he will the exam.

 

but that: (if ………..not) not        but that     but that

but that

She would have fallen but that I caught her.

But that he is in debt, he would enter priesthood.

 

“but for + buy that.

but that  but for

But for my help, he should have failed last year

 

=But that I helped him, he should have failed last year.)

 

Inasmuch as : sauce

He yielded to the invader, inasmuch as his army was thoroughly defeated.

Inasmuch as he is sick, he had better go to hospital.

or : or else : (words), (phrases),  (clauses)

 

Is it sweet Or sour?

Is he at home or in the office ?

You look after the house or go to work

 

or else : otherwise  (Clause)

 

I must clean it, or else it will be rusty

 

They want to study in England, or else (want to study) in America? (Page 231)

 

till  until :

until  (Clause)

until

Until you told me, I had known nothing about him,

Until he returns, I shall wait for him here.

till (until ):

He had never written to me till (until) he returned

provided   providing

providing     that

We shall go provided that it does not rain

 

Amy will go providing her friend can go together.

 

Supposing you win the government lottery, what do you buy ?

Supposing it rains, shall we go ?

 

since :

 

– Present Perfect    Present Simple กับ Past Simple

 

He has worked hard since his father died.

Nothing has happened since we parted.

It is just a week since they arrived here

 

– Clause

Since he doesn’t learn English, he can’t speak it.

 

Since we have no enough money, we can’t buy this new house. (Page 232)

 

as soon as (=when)

I shall go back as soon as he arrives.

I shall go to see you as soon as you telephone me.

 

as soon as  clause  comma

 

As soon as he arrives, I will tell him.

In case:  (clause) so that, for fear that

May, might, should, can, could

 

Don’t go too near the river in case you should fall in it.

 

We hid behind some bushes in case passers-by mightn’t see us.

 

In case clause can, could, should, may, might

In case  forget, please remind me about that.

In case she is sick, please take her to hospital.

In case of +:

In case of fire, please inform the fire-brigade.

 

because   because of :

because : conjunction  because

 

Jack did not come to school because he was ill.

We do not belive him because we know he is a liar.

because of :  Preposition  because of                                                                        because of

 

She failed because of him.

 

He cannot work because of his illness.(page 233)

 

the same . . . . . :  the same   as :

I have the same trouble as you (have)

 

He has the same pen as she (has).

 

 

the same:

 

This book is the same as that one.

Her bicycle is not the same as mine,

 

.either or    neither of :

 

Either of + =

 

Either of you is wrong.

I don’t want either of the apples.

Neither of +

Neither of the books is of any use to me

I want neither of them.

 

no sooner. . than: conjunctive

no sooner . than     Past Perfect  Past Simple

 

He had no sooner seen it than he started to run.

She had no sooner heard the news than she wept aloud.

 

No sooner: –

 

No sooner had he arrived than he was told to start back again.

(Inversion)

 

not so…. as :     as…as (as …as)    (Page 234)

 

He is as clever as you are.

He is not so clever as you are.

 

 

Choose the best answer for each of the following sentences

1. He aside……………………. he might go in easily.
2. and so that              c. but                       d. so ………that
3. I gave up smoking in order…………….get better.
4. that so                     c. to                         d. as
5. Sani ran so fast…………………………..I couldn’t catch her.
6. that as                      c. last                      d. to
7. He is ………………a good student that everyone likes him.
8. too so                       c. such                   d. very
9. We must go on working late tonight…………be free tomorrow.
10. such as to so as to              c. so that                d. in order that

 

6. Billy studies hard…………………..he should (may) fail.
7. lest in order that                 c. because                         d. unless
8. …………..they come in time, they will catch the 6 a.m. train.
9. So as to In order that                  c. As long as                     d. So that
10. My grandfather would have fallen…………..…. I caught him.
11. if so long as                      c. while                               d. but that
12. I must clean my car every Sunday, …………….…it will be rusty.
13. or else so that                            c. and                                 d. but that
14. She has worked hard………………….her father died.
15. because of as if                               c. so that                             d. since

 

 

1. B C      3. A      4.C       5.B       6.A       7.C       8.D       9.A       10. D

(Page 235)

Chapter 26

Interjection

Interjection  Interjection

(Word or Phrase)

: Oh : Indeed ! Wow 1

Goodness ! Heavens ! Good Lord

Good gracious

“1” (Exclamation Mark)

Good gracious !

: Alls ! Ah ! Alack

Hurrah ! (), Ha !

Damn Pooh ! Bosch 1 Fish !

: Heigh-ho !

Fie 1 fie !

Hark : Hust 1 Hist :

: Ho ! Hallo ! Hello :

Ah me : Ay me : Woe is me 1

For sham ! Hands off ! ()

Good-bye : bad luck to i! ()

0 dear me! ()

 

Hands up :  Shut up !

2.2

1. what a………….!

What a pity!

What a mess! (Page 511)

 

What a nuisance!

What a shame

2. What + a (an) + adjective +

What a pretty car

 

 

What an expensive dress

What a large building !

What a high mountain !

3. What + adjective +

What beautiful roses they are

What lovely children !

What interesting books they are !

4. What + adjective +

What delicious food it is !

What good luck you have !

5. How + Adjective ( Adverb) +!

How short he is !

How strong you are

How quickly the time passes !

How heavy it rains!

 

Long live the King!

God save you!

Have a good trip

Good luck for you all! (Page 512)