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Punctuation and Capitalization-English Grammar

page (565-581)

Page(565)

Capitalization occurs when the first letter in a word is an upper case letter.
For example, the first word in this sentence contains a capital F.

Why do we use Punctuation and Capitalization? Marks of punctuation and capitalization help readers understand and interpret sentences better. Some marks are required to prevent misreading and some are optional and depend on what the writer wishes to achieve. For example ending a sentences with an exclamation mark rather than a period.

The most common punctuation marks in English are: capital letters and full stops, question marks, commas, colons and semi-colons, exclamation marks and quotation marks.

In speaking, we use pauses and the pitch of the voice to make what we say clear. Punctuation plays a similar role in writing, making it easier to read.

Punctuation consists of both rules and conventions. There are rules of punctuation that have to be followed; but there are also punctuation conventions that give writers greater choice.

  1. 59.31 is read……………..
  2. fifty-nine and thirty-one
  3. fifty-nine , thirty-one
  4. fifty-nine point thirty-one
  5. fifty-nine point three one

 

  1. Somri lives at………………. (278/3) Silom Road.
  2. Two hundred and seventy-eight slash three
  3. two seven eight slash third
  4. two seven eight slash three
  5. fifty-nine point three one d second seventh eighth slash third
  6. My telephone number is………… — 5213871
  7. fifty-two and thirteen thousand, eight hundred and seventy-one
  8. fifth second first third eighth sever

c fifty-two thirteen eighty-seven and one

  1. five two one three eight seven one
  2. 12.00 is read………………….
  3. twelve point double zero
  4. twelve o’clock sharp
  5. the twelfth o’clock
  6. one two o’clock
  7. 7.35 is read……………………
  8. seven o’clock and thirty-five minutes
  9. It’s twenty-five minutes to eight
  10. It’s twenty-five minutes past eight
  11. thirty-five minutes and seven o’clock
  12. November 2, 1985 is read……………
  13. The second November, nineteen and eighty-five
  14. November the second, nineteen eighty-five
  15. November the number two, nineteen and eighty-five
  16. November the second, one thousand nine hundred and eighty-five
  17. 12= 54 is read…………….
  18. twelve is two – ninths of fifty-four
  19. twelve is two nine of fifty-four
  20. twelth is two – nine of fifty-four
  21. twelfths is two ninths of fifty-four
  22. B 2. C 3. D 4.A 5. D 6. D 7. 8. D 9. B 10. B 11. B 12. A

Page 566

 

Chapter 31

Punctuations and Capitalization

 

Punctuation

 

Punctuation

 

No price is too high.

No, price is too high.

No rice is left in my plate.

No, rice is left in my plate.

(comma     comma     punctuation)

 

(External Punctuation)

 

(external end punctuation)

 

Full stop   period

Triple dots

Question mark

Exclamation mark

Quotation mark

Parentheses

 

  1. Full Stop
  • Full stop (statement    (command)   (request)

 

Page 567

He’s a policeman.                   She won’t be here again

Come on.                                 Don’t drink much whisky.

Open the window, please.

2) full stop   (initials)   (contraction)

 

U.N.     =          United Nation

D.C.     =          District of Columbia

M.A.    =          Master of Arts

F.B.I.   =          Federal Bureau of Investigation

C.I.A.   =          Central Intelligence Agency

U.S.A.  =          United States of America

O.P.D.  =          Outsider Patient Department

e.g.       =          exempli gratia ( = for example )

 

Full stop

WHO   =          World Health Organization

OPEC   =          Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

UNECO           =          United Nation Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization

 

Mr.       =          Mister                          Dr.       =          Doctor

Pk.       =          Park                             Jr.        =          Junior

Yr.       =          Year                             Hr.       =          Hour

 

Adj.     =          Adjective                     Pro.      =          Pronoun

Fri        =          Friday                          Aug.     =          August

Hon.    =          Honourable                  Univ.   =          University

Dip. In Ed.       =          Diploma in Education

Opp.    =          Opposite                      etc.       =          et cetera

Page 568

Pvt.      =          Private                         Ltd.      =          Limited

Bldg.    =          Building                       Mkt      =          Market

Rd        =          Road                            St.        =          Street

 

Mr. Dr Jr Rd

Mr. Dr. Jr. Rd.

3)

2.30 a.m.          5.05 p.m.          6.15 a.m.

(colon)

2 : 30 a.m.        5 : 05 p.m.        6 : 15 a.m.

 

(2.30    2½ m (Two and a half  two point three oh)

4) full stop

2.50 (2 baht   50 stang)

2.75 (2 dollars   75 cents)

5.35 (5 pounds  35 penies)

 

Comma (,)  full stop    f25, 40

  1. Triple Dots (…)

 

You may get a real happiness of life if you sit in contemplation and realize the extinction of suffering…

… if you are in doubt whether or not to use periods in an abbreviation, consult a good dictionary for the standard reference. That’s the advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English.

Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English.

Page 569

…Bassanio want to go to Belmont to woo Partia. He asks Antonio to lend him money. Antonio says that he hasn’t any money at the moment until his ships come to port…

3) Question Mark (?)

1) (Direct Question)

Who are you?                          What is he doing now?

Is that your pen?                       Is it a horse or a donkey?

2) (doubt to uncertainty)

John Pomfret, an English poet, was born in 1665 (?) and died 1705.

Mr. William’s seemed to use to live in Thailand in B.E.2593 (?) and went back to America in 2506.

3) (business letter)

Will you be sure to let me know if this arrangement does satify you.

(= will you be sure to let me know if this arrangement does satify you?)

  1. Exclamation Mark (!)

Help ! Fire !

Be Careful

What a fool I am !

Oh! It’s wonderful !

There goes the bus !

Page 570

Oh Mary, how could you be careless!

  1. Quotation Marks(“……”)

1) Direct Speech

He said, “I will have finished this work by sunset.”

“I am going for a walk,” she said.

He said to me, “Where are you going?”

2) Direct Speech     Quotation Marks

 

“if you are ready,” she said, “he will go with you.”

“Excuse me,” he said “I believe you are mistaken.”

3) Quotation Marks

The song I like best is “One way Ticket”

“Petch Pra-u-ma” is a daily play in the Daily News.

These students are reading Chit Buratat’s “Smakkiped Kamchan.”

4) Quotation Marks

I often call him a “caward.”

“Siam” Was the former name of Thailand

Page 571

 

5) Comma (,)    (.)

 

“It doesn’t matter,” he said “That’s my own uncle’s motor-care.”

6) Quotation Mark

She said, “We are singing “The Impossible Dream’ now.”

“We are studying T.S.Eliot’s  ‘The Hollow Men’ now,” he said.

The Hollow Men  T.S.Eliot

7)

He said, “Whom did you meet at the market yesterday?”

The boy shouted, “Fire!”

Did you say “We are sick”

6) Parentheses   () Brackets  []

 

Parentheses

I invited the two girl (they are cousins, you know) to the party last night

 

Brackets     “[]”

He [Columbus] discovered America.

“He [Lincoln] gave his famous address in Gettyburg in November, 1983.

page 572

 

(Internal Punctuation)

 

(Internal punctuation)

 

,           comma

:           colon

;           semicolon

  • Hyphen

 

  1. Comma (,)

Comma

 

 

  • Comma Verbal       Phrase            Verbal Phrase

 

To do this properly, you must follow the instructions.

Walking along the street, he saw an accident.

Frightened, the little boy ran out of the room.

 

  • Subordinate Clause Adverb      Main   Clause      Comma      comma

When he finally arrived at 8 o’clock, the program was well underway.

As soon as he saw you, he ran away.

 

  • Comma   Appositive     Absolute Phrase

 

Sombat, the painter, wants to go home next week.

The sun having set, they kept working

page 573

 

4) comma

Today she wants to buy several things such as sugar, flour, salt, meat and vegetables.

The Armed Forces are ever-alert on land, in the air, and on the sea.

5) comma     non-defining clause

 

Miss Suprani, who is our new teacher, is going to get married next month.

(Who is our new teacher    non-defining clause)

Rice. Which is our main food, is rising in price.

 

(which is our main food non-defining clause)

6) comma     Compound Sentence    and or, but

 

The shops were filled with beautiful things, but I had neither time to shop nor money to buy anything.

7)  indeed, by the way, on the other hand, on the contrary, in face, of course, therefore, finally, meawhile, etc.    comma

 

Indeed, he called up you twice this morning.

 

John, by the way, received his degree last summer.

She is, of course, the most industrious in her class.

Thong is in bad health ; therefore, he cannot go to work as usual.

 

8) Yes,   No, Well      comma

 

Is it right ? Yes, I think so.

page 574

 

Are you a detective? No, I am not.

“Well, she’ll go with you.”

9) comma

Robert, where were you born?

Did I remember to tell you, Smith, that you had a phone call?

Ladies and gentlemen, it is a privilege to speak to you.

 

10) Comma

His family has gone to New York, not Los Angleles.

Our committee often meets in private, seldom in public.

 

11)   2      comma

She was born on December 10, 1960.

He lives at 533 Silom Road, Bangkok.

Jo has one friend in Bangkok, Thailand.

12) Comma

He said, “come and see me any day you wish.”

“Do as you are told,” he said.

 

13)

Page 575

 

Whatever happened, happened fast.

He has been here a long, long time.

14) (omit)   comma

To err is human ; to forgive, divine.

Bangkok is in Thailand ; London, in England ; Paris, in France.

 

15)  Comma

Henry F.Smith M.A., Ph.D.

M.A., Ph.D.

Dr. Sathien Veerawat C.P.E., M.A., Ph.D.

C.P.E., M.A., Ph.D.

 

  1. Colon (:)

 

Colon

 

  • Colon

 

7 : 30 a.m.        9 : 45 a.m.        11 : 15 a.m.

 

2 : 25 p.m.        3 : 15 p.m         4 : 10 p.m.

 

7.30 a.m.          5.15 p.m.

 

  • Colon (Comma)

 

Dear Sir:                       Dear Sir,

Dear Gentleman           Dear Gentleman,

Dear Mr. David            Dear Mr. David,

 

  • Colon as follows, the following, these

 

The following words are adverbs : well, fast, very and slowly.

Adverb    well, fast, very, slowly.

Page 576

The things he needs are as follows : a hammer and some nails, a pencil and paper, a ruler and a rubber.

The thing I will take are these : money and a passport, a suitcase and clothes, soap and a toothbrush.

4) colon

He Said : “I cannot tell you what to do now. I am very confused at all. Can you come and see me again tomorrow? I think we had better consult the manager about this matter.”

 

She said : “My mother has gone to the United States of America to see her close friend, but I know she’ll be back here next week”

 

3) Semicolon (;)

1) full stop

 

The singular form is mouse ; the plural form is mice.       Mice

(= The singular form is mouse. The plural form is mice.)

Prices rose ; wages fell.

(= Prices rose. Wages fell.)

 

2) comma               Comma

 

Our new committee is composed of villiam J.smith, President ; John F. Steven, Vice-President ; Clerk M.Smith, General Secretary ;……

The totals are 25,000 ; 55,250 and 235,150.

Page 577

 

 

3)  Semicolon      Conjunctive     adverb   (adverb   main clause)  compound sentence (conjunctive adverb)

 

However          Therefore         moreover         besides             Consequently

Accordingly     furthermore      nevertheless     otherwise

He is rather in bad health, however, he is able to work.

The pianist was very ill, therefore, the convert was canelled.

 

4) Hyphen (-)

1) Hyphen    (compound word)

School-boy                  school-girl

Swimming-pool            bathing-place

2) hyphen

Thantip Pongsuk is the most beautiful lady in Thailand in 1985.

3) hyphen         prefix

Control                         self-control

Communism                anti-communism

Education                     co-education

Wife                            ex-wife

5) Dash (-)

Dash      (hyphen)

  • Dash

Come on, I have something to tell you-not to marry this woman.

Wherever we live, We have to try to avoid these factors, namely-

  1. The bad weather
  2. The rise in price
  3. A shortage of labour

Page 578

 

 

Capitalization

Capitalization

Capitalization    (capital letter)

1)

He has gone to his home for two weeks.

Nobody knows where she lives.

Remember me to his family.

2) (proper noun)

We live in Bangkok, which is the capital of Thailand.

Wichuda bought Grundig T.V from the Central Store.

3)  (Proper adjective)

They learn the English language every day.

Can you read the Chinese book?

Have you ever seen the Siamese cat?

There are a lot of chinawares in this shop.

Page 579

 

 

Do you want to see a turkey and Siamese twins?

(Siamese, turkey, chinawares)

4)   (common noun) (head noun)

 

Bangkok Bank

Mahidol University

Petburi Street

Khonkhaen Province

(Bank, University, Street,  Province  common noun)

5)

He is Professor William Smith

He is President Ronald Reagan

He is Judge Paul Perry

Dr. Henry, the Professor of archaeology, is giving lectures.

Uthai Phimchaichon, the president of the parliament, was invited to the wedding party.

6)  (a, an, the   Preposition)

Gone with the wind

The waves and the seashore

The gulliver’s Travel

7)  (common noun)

The abbot

The president

 

Page(580)

The king

The queen

8) common noun :-

The thai Airway

Police department

The ministry of Foreign Affairs

9) Common Noun   :-

Do you learn the History subject today?

We take Math 503 everyday.

 

Insert punctuations wherever proper in the following sentences.

 

  1. It is however unnecessary for you to reply at once.
  2. On July 15 1975 the workers in our plants numbered 6525
  3. Mr Sumeth our salesman is going to meet his customer today
  4. The architect seeing the finished building was much satisfied
  5. It doesn’t seem to me he said that he was sick
  6. Have you ever seen anybody book on the table
  7. Wool cotton linen or silk will be used in the manufacture of this
  8. I have something to tell you not to marry her immediately
  9. The train having left they went home yesterday.
  10. Oh she is going to US A on Fri Who wants to see her off at Don Muang Airport

 

  1. It is, however, unnecessary for you to reply at once.
  2. On July 15, 1975 the workers in our plants numbered 6,525.

3.Mr. Sumeth, our salesman, is going to meet his customer today

  1. The architect, seeing the finished building, was much satisfied.
  2. “It doesn’t seem to me,” he said, “that he was sick.”
  3. Have you ever seen anybody’s book on the table?
  4. Wool, cotton, linen, or silk will be used in the manufacture of this dress.
  5. have something to tell you-not to marry her immediately.
  6. The train having left, they all went home yesterday
  7. Oh ! she is going to U.S.A. on Fri. Who wants to see her off at Don Muang Airport?

 

Page(581)

Insert all necessary punctuation in each of the following sentences, and capitalize of where necessary.

  1. of all men I know no one compares with mr john
  2. let us know by return mail he wrote whether you will accept the offer
  3. do you want to read the murder of roger ackroyd ?
  4. whom he is professor prapas we are going to see right now
  5. dr brown the president of the company let us take long holidays.

6 The ministry of education declared that anybody who is over seven years old must go to learn at school .

7 to err is human to forgive divine.

8 they study at thammasat university close by wat mahathat.

 

  1. Off all men, I know no one compares with Mr.John.
  2. Let us know by return mail he wrote whether you will accept the offer
  3. Do you want to read The Murder of Roger Ackroyd ?
  4. He is Professor Prapas, whom we are going to see right now
  5. Dr. Brown, the president of the company, let us take long holidays.
  6. The Ministry of Education declared that anybody who is over seven years old must go to learn at school
  7. To err is human, to forgive, divine.
  8. They study at Thammasat University close by Wat Mahathat.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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