Hedging currency/Exchange Rate risk using Leading and lagging
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Continue reading Hedging currency/Exchange Rate risk using Matching
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Continue reading Hedging currency/Exchange Rate risk using netting
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Continue reading Using Own Currency Invoice to hedge currency /exchange rate risk
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Continue reading Each Topic about three main types of currency/Exchange Rate risk
There are three main types of currency risks: Economic risk, Translation risk and Transaction risk. Please click the following topics/titles to read more detail about currency/Exchange Rate risk:
Continue reading Foreign Exchange Market ( Forex, FX or Currency Market)
Foreign Exchange Market ( Forex, FX or Currency Market) The foreign exchange market ( Forex, FX or currency market) is a global online network where traders buy and sell currencies, and participants are able to buy, sell, exchange and speculate on currencies. The foreign exchange market is made up of banks, commercial companies, central banks, investment management firms, hedge funds, and retail forex brokers and investors. Also
Continue reading Theory and Influence Factors on Dividend Policy
Dividend policy Dividend policy is concerned with financial policies regarding paying dividend . When cash surplus exists and is not needed by the company, then management is expected to pay out some or all of those surplus earnings in the form of cash dividends or share buyback. The dividends a company pays may be treated as a signal to investors. A company needs
Continue reading Financial Statement and Ratio Analysis
Financial Statement and Ratio Analysis Financial ratios are mathematical comparisons of financial statements or categories. These relationships between the financial statement accounts help investors, creditors, and internal company management understand how well a business is performing and of areas needing improvement. Values used in calculating financial ratios are taken from the balance sheet, income statement, statement of cash flows or (sometimes) the statement of changes
Continue reading COMPARISON OF INFORMATION AND PERFORMANCE INDICATORS
COMPARISON OF INFORMATION AND PERFORMANCE INDICATORS LEARNING OBJECTIVE CURRENT AND PREVIOUS PERIOD CURRENT PERIOD AND BUDGET PRODUCTIVITY RATIOS MEASURING PROFIT CENTRE PERFORMANCE MEASURING INVESTMENT CENTRE PERFORMANCE ………………………………………………………….. Download Lesson:COMPARISON OF INFORMATION AND PERFORMANCE INDICATORS 3. PRODUCTIVITY RATIOS Production is the quantity of goods or services that are produced. Productivity is a measure of how efficiently those goods or services have
Continue reading BASIC BUDGETING
BASIC BUDGETING LEARNING OBJECTIVE FUNCTION OF BUDGETARY CONTROL PREPARING THE BUDGET STANDARD COSTS AND FLEXIBLE BUDGETS 1.FUNCTION OF BUDGETARY CONTROL Essentially the budgetary control process consists of two distinct elements: Planning This involves the setting of the various budgets for the appropriate future period. Control This control involves comparing the plan in the form of the original budget with the
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